This chapter examines the transformation in coinage and coin use in Byzantine Anatolia from ad 491 to the late eleventh century. Recent increase of the available evidence necessitates a reassessment. The early Byzantine period until ca. 660 and the later Byzantine period from ca. 950 until the Turkish conquest were times of higher monetization and as such are relatively well attested. Crucial are the intermediate gap years between 660 and 950 that produced comparatively few coins. The discussion includes regional variations and the importance of state fiscal demand and expenses in the resilience of coin production and use during the eighth and ninth centuries, for example at Amorium.