Overheating adaptations in acclimatised Singaporeans: Do spatial adaptation options matter? A pilot study Tanjong Pagar CBD case study
Résumé
Climate responsive design aims to mitigate extreme heat by consciously integrating climate principles in
urban architectures and developments. Thereby, the adoption of climate-responsive design in urban
areas is foreseen to increase the adaptation capacities of urban dwellers to overheating. However,
behavioural overheating adaptation can also be aspatial (e.g. a change in activity program, clothes, or
food regime), and thus not depend on the quality of outdoor spaces. According to the behavioural
planned theory, the selection of one of these is determined by the individual knowledge of heat
adaptation options, its transaction capacities with its daily routines, and cultural beliefs giving its
community belonging.
We investigated the nature of the overheating adaptation strategies in the densely-built city-state of
Singapore for different extreme thermal perceptions so as to determine whenever and when space
matters in individual overheating coping strategies in a tropical climate and mature tertiary society. We
used the records of two biometeorological campaigns aiming to assess the thermal sensitivity of
acclimatized Singaporeans, which were, on occasion, extended with a survey questionnaire dedicated to
overheating behavioural adaptation. Unsurprisingly, extreme sun, rain, and heat triggered adaptative
strategies, while extreme humidity and wind did not. Rain adaptation was mainly aspatial, while extreme
sun and heat triggered a mix of spatial and aspatial strategies with more option diversity for the sun
than for the heat. Some adaptation options were mutualized as for the air conditioning to cope both with
extreme heat and humidity sensations. Last, not all the selected adaptation options reflected the
national Singaporean programs aiming to promote outdoors: urban parks, seafront or large water
reserves although supporting the “city in a garden” marketing were declared to be less used than
naturally and artificially covered roads developed close to house units to foster active mobility.
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