Current therapies do not eradicate HIV from infected patients. Indeed, HIV hides in a latent form insensitive to these therapies. Thus, one priority is to eliminate these latent reservoirs. But what mechanisms are responsible for latency and what are the reservoirs of latently infected cells? The present knowledge in terms of HIV latency is still incomplete and current therapeutic strategies fail to eradicate latently infected cells. This article reviews present research and discusses possible future strategies.