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Article Dans Une Revue Revue chinoise des droits de l'homme / Chinese journal of human rights [Renquan yanjiu. 人权研究] Année : 2021

Explanatory Paths of Human Rights Norms in a Pluralistic Society

Les interprétations des normes des droits de l'homme dans une société pluraliste

多元社会中人权规范的解释路径

Mingzhe Zhu

Résumé

In recent years, the application and interpretation of human rights norms by courts in family disputes involving religious norms has become an important issue in European justice, as exemplified by the recognition by French courts of foreign repudiation decisions. The debate has centered on whether the system, derived from religious norms, which holds only that men have the right to unilaterally extinguish marital relations, is compatible with the basic principles of European human rights law of gender equality, thus involving the determination of international public order standards. The French courts’ approach tended to be pragmatic between the 1980s and 2004, considering in individual cases whether women’s interests were materially guaranteed. While after 2004, the judiciaries shifted to legal symbolism, preferring to find in abstract to that repudiation decisions were incompatible with European human rights law. The common denominator between the two approaches is the emphasis on the function of religion as a social institution and an important identity. The difference lies in the fact that pragmatism adopts a dynamic view of secular religion, asserting that actions based on religious norms can only gain meaning in the secular legal order and that this facilitates the absorption of religious activities in secular politics, while symbolism adopts a static view of religion, asserting that the compatibility of a religious position with modern secular politics is absolutely unchangeable. The legal pragmatic approach to the interpretation of human rights norms is more conducive to the integration and unity of a society of pluralism.
近年来,法院如何在涉及宗教规范的家庭关系诉讼中适用和解释人权规范成了欧洲司法的一个重要议题,法国法院对外国休妻判决的承认就是其中一例。争论的焦点是这一来自宗教规范、仅认为男性有权单方使婚姻关系归于消灭的制度是否与性别平等的欧洲人权法基本原则相符,从而涉及对国际公共秩序标准的认定。法国法院的判断方法在 20 世纪 80 年代到 2004 年间倾向于实用主义,在个案中考虑女性的利益能否在实质上得到保证;2004 年以后则转而接受法律象征主义,倾向于抽象认定休妻判决与欧洲人权法不符的判断标准。两种判准的共同点在于都强调宗教作为社会机构和重要身份认同的功能。不同之处在于实用主义采取了能动的世俗宗教观,主张依据宗教规范而为之行为只能在世俗法律秩序中获得意义,并认为这样做有利于世俗政治对宗教活动的吸收;而象征主义则采取静态的宗教观,认为一种宗教立场与现代世俗政治的相容性绝对无法改变。法律实用主义的人权规范解释进路更有利于多元身份认同社会的融合与团结。
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hal-03859124 , version 1 (31-01-2023)

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  • HAL Id : hal-03859124 , version 1

Citer

Mingzhe Zhu. 多元社会中人权规范的解释路径: 以法国法院对外国休妻判决的承认为样本. Revue chinoise des droits de l'homme / Chinese journal of human rights [Renquan yanjiu. 人权研究], 2021, 2021 (04), pp.89-106. ⟨hal-03859124⟩
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