Abstract We develop a general approach to compute the symmetry-resolved Rényi and von Neumann entanglement entropies (SREE) of thermodynamic macrostates in interacting integrable systems. Our method is based on a combination of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and the Gärtner–Ellis theorem from large deviation theory. We derive an explicit simple formula for the von Neumann SREE, which we show to coincide with the thermodynamic Yang–Yang entropy of an effective macrostate determined by the charge sector. Focusing on the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain, we test our result against iTEBD calculations for thermal states, finding good agreement. As an application, we provide analytic predictions for the asymptotic value of the SREE following a quantum quench.