Reproductive skews of territorial species in heterogeneous landscapes
Résumé
(modified from published versions for clarity…): I investigated the reproductive skew resulting from the interaction between social status and spatial heterogeneity in territory quality in territorial species. Lifetime reproductive success data from 46 species indicated that, in both group-living and solitary species, there were a few high performers amidst a majority of mediocre performers. Current model of reproductive skews however are largely restricted to group-living species, calling for additional models. I devised a model designed for territorial, solitary species, in which the socio-spatial distribution emerged from interactions between immediate neighbors only. Using the model, I predicted a correlation between three statistics of the reproductive skew (the skewness, the Gini coefficient of inequalities, and Hill’s tail index) and the degree of spatial autocorrelation in territory quality. I retrieved these three correlations in the empirical lifetime reproductive success data. The distribution of lifetime reproductive success was more skewed but also more egalitarian in homogeneous than heterogeneous landscapes, after controlling for the allometric effect of the body mass. In the proposed model, the observed increase in egalitarian properties of the LRS distribution in heterogeneous landscapes stems in the possibility for some individuals to “hide” behind their neighbors and secure a better territory than if the distribution was despotic. This work emphasizes that the shape of the distribution of fitness components conveys information besides the mean and the variance, and the potential for nontrivial effects to emerge from simple movement heuristics.
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