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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2022

Specialized frames and domain-specific ontologies within the context of pattern analysis: an integrative approach based on weather terminology

Résumé

The aim of this contribution is an attempt at combining the two paradigms in the center of the conference and showing that the representation of domain-specific concepts and their relations to each other can be approached by ontologies on the one hand and specialized frames on the other, and that they (can) merge in the notion of “patterns” (Gautier/Dahm submitted). Both formats of knowledge representation (Roche 2003 for ontologies, Ziem 2008 for frames,) – which are central for (applied) terminology (Roche 2007 for ontologies, Faber 2012 for frames), – can be linked together since they function, as we argue here, on different levels of abstraction. Ontologies generally include all the domain-specific terms and are organized through their relations. However, they do not provide any information about the grammatical or the syntactic behavior of terms in concrete communicative situations (within grammatical constructions, for example) that are most of the time subject to formal constraints (Stein/Stumpf 2018). Frames for their part – both as Verb-Frames (Fillmore 1982) and Concept-Frames (Barsalou 1992), synthesis by Varga (2021) – and beyond the mere representation of relations, shape the processes of verbalization. They give access to a multitude of information that are relevant with a view to the linguistic surface structure of specialized communication. Even if FrameNet-Frames, for example, do not necessarily consider the underlying architectural structure of a domain-specific ontology, they constitute an important resource when it comes to the instantiation of terms. Frames provide semantic and syntactic information which ontologies generally do not make available. Thus, both formats of knowledge representation could and should be linked. In our contribution we want to show – more precisely – that the consideration of domain-specific ontologies and of the corresponding (specialized) frames is advantageous when it comes to the analysis of patterns that motivate specialized communication. In other words, we assume that there is a certain high-level pressure (Gautier 2018, in press) that emanates from the ontological level. On a lower level of abstraction, this pressure affects (specialized) frames which for their part shape domain-specific linguistic surface structures and patterns. Verb-Frames and Concept-Frames act in this sense as an interface, as a link between the rather static ontological architecture (with information about individuals, classes, attributes or relations) and the linguistic surface structure. Domain-specific concepts, as they are structured within a respective ontology in a rather static way – without any specific communicative context –, are re(arranged) in frames against the background of specific contexts of use. Attributes and relations as well as Frame elements that are owned by (in the first instance) unspecified type-frames are thereby instantiated; token-frames are generated. Semantic and syntactic restrictions instruct these processes. As a result, linguistic surface patterns manifest themselves in specialized discourse which is shaped by the respective domain-specific ontology. The use of ontologies and frames enables us to understand the nature of patterns on three different levels: ontologies, frames, linguistic surface structure. The contribution will defend and illustrate this conception of an “ontology-frames-formal constraints interface” with regard to the domain of meteorology. On the one hand, it is shaped by several ontologies (such as the BIMERR one ) and on the other hand some kinds of weather discourses (such as online weather forecasts) are more and more often produced semi-automatically and thus must rely on text models integrating a precise implementation of the aforementioned formal constraints. Cited references: Barsalou, Lawrence W. (1992). « Frames, Concepts and Conceptual Fields ». In: Adrienne Lehrer & Eva Feder Kittay (Eds). Frames, Fields and Contrasts. New Essays in Semantic and Lexical Organization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 21-74. Faber, Pamela (2012). A Cognitive Linguistics View of Terminology and Specialized Language. Berlin; Boston: de Gruyter. Fillmore, Charles J. (1982). « Frame Semantics ». In: The Linguistic Society of Corea (Ed.). Linguistics in the Morning Calm. Selected Papers from SICOL-1981. Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Company, 111-137. Gautier, Laurent (2018). « Le figement, clef d’entrée pour les discours spécialisés ». In: Laurent Gautier (Ed.). Figement et discours spécialisés, Berlin: Frank & Timme, 7-14. Gautier, Laurent (in press). « Zur Produktivität des Musterbegriffs zur holistischen Charakterisierung von Fachtextsorten. Fallstudien am Beispiel des Finanzdiskurses ». In: Johana Szczek et al. (Eds). Aktuelle Trends in der phraseologischen und parömiologischen Forschung weltweit. Hamburg: Kovac Verlag. Gautier, Laurent/Dahm, Johannes (submitted). « On the interplay between frames and patterns in specialized discourses on the basis of comparison patterns in two specialized fields in German ». Roche, Christophe (2003). « Ontology : A Survey ». In: IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 36/22, 187-192. Roche, Christophe (2007). « Le terme et le concept : fondements d’une ontoterminologie ». In : TOTh 2007 : Terminologie & Ontologie : Théories et Applications, Chambéry : Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, 1-22. Stein, Stefan / Stumpf, Sören (2018). Muster in Sprache und Kommunikation. Eine Einführung in Konzepte sprachlicher Vorgeformtheit. Berlin : Schmidt. Varga, Simon (2021). Frames und Argumentation. Zur diskurssemantischen Operationalisierung von Frame-Relationen. Berlin: Peter Lang. Ziem, Alexander (2008). Frames und sprachliches Wissen. Kognitive Aspekte der semantischen Kompetenz. Berlin ; Boston: de Gruyter.
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Dates et versions

hal-03793904 , version 1 (02-10-2022)

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  • HAL Id : hal-03793904 , version 1

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Johannes Dahm, Laurent Gautier. Specialized frames and domain-specific ontologies within the context of pattern analysis: an integrative approach based on weather terminology. Concept Systems and Frames in Terminology (CSFT), University of Innsbruck - Department of translation studies - Pius ten Hacken & Rossella Resi, Sep 2022, Innsbruck, Austria. ⟨hal-03793904⟩

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