Collective innovation and living labs of real estate: an institutionalization of citizen participation? / Chapter 2
Résumé
This paper studies living labs located in cities in the South of France (Bordeaux, Lyon and Marseille) and specialized in real estate. These living labs are winners of the call for projects of the Industrial Demonstrators of the Sustainable City (DIVD).
We study their governance to highlight the place of the citizen in the co-construction process. We mobilise the theoretical frameworks of the commons and knowledge commons (Zadra-Veil, Fragny, 2018). By using Arnstein’s grid (Arnstein, 1969) and the Pisano and Verganti matrix (Pisano and Verganti, 2008), we show the importance of institutional stakeholders and the mitigate citizen participation.