Producing more food, feed and fiber with less impact on ecosystem services such as the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients is a major challenge for achieving the agroecological transition of agriculture. To this end, further understanding the rather unique rhizosphere biogeochemistry related to both root foraging and mining strategies is needed. When foraging for resource acquisition, roots indeed release large amounts of organic compounds and considerably alter nutrient concentrations and soil pH. Roots have thus evolved diverse mining strategies that rely on combinations of such rhizosphere processes occurring over short spatial and temporal scales around living roots. These ultimately shape the fate of soil organic carbon and organic matter, the dissolution/precipitation of soil minerals, the adsorption/desorption of both anions (e.g. phosphate) and cations (e.g. potassium) and hence, support services such as soil formation, carbon and nutrient cycling (Hinsinger, 2013). These root foraging and mining strategies considerably vary amongst plant genotypes, as exemplified for crops and plantation trees in low-input temperate and tropical agroecosystems (Erel et al., 2016; Pradier et al., 2017; Battie-Laclau et al., 2020). In the context of climate change, one also needs to account for rhizosphere processes occurring at depth, not just in the topsoil (Thorup-Kristensen et al., 2020). In this talk, we draw exciting perspectives for breeding crops and trees that most efficiently contribute to carbon sequestration at depth and acquire or cycle nutrients to improve nutrient use efficiency for tomorrow's agroecosystems.