The laser shock peening process (LSP), used to reinforce metals, currently has two major configurations with limitations. (1) Laser irradiation with large spot sizes, but with the need to use a thermal protective coating to avoid detrimental thermal damage (which increases the overall cost of the process) or (2) laser irradiation without thermal coating but with very small spot sizes and high overlap ratios, thus increasing the amount of time required to treat a given surface. In this study, we develop a new faster configuration for the LSP process, which can be applied without a thermal coating, but is still effective regarding surface treatment time. A new laser system has been developed for this faster configuration and has been used to perform the LSP treatment of aluminum alloys at a high-repetition rate. This new DPSS Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, delivers 1 J of energy with a pulse duration from 7 to 21 ns at a very high frequency of 200 Hz. We also studied the laser/matter interaction, according to the laser pulse duration, energy, and its wavelength. The water confinement (ejection and renewing) was monitored while an air-blowing system was implemented to manage water issues identified with this new configuration. Altogether, we demonstrated that such a configuration is fully operational.