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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2022

From corpus idiomaticity to domain specific pattern-based idiomaticity

Résumé

The aim of this contribution is to explore the relatedness and the connectivity between, on the one hand, domain-specific ontologies as they are used in terminology management and research, and, on the other, lexico-grammatical patterns (Gledhill/Kübler 2016, Stein/Stumpf 2018) as surface phenomena building the core of formulation strategies in specialized discourse and implemented in technical redaction or specialized translation. The authors want to show and to reveal the extent to which the “pressure” (Gautier 2018) of domain specific ontologies shapes (or: imprints) the economic, ‘optimized and regulated’ (Schubert 2007, 2019) use of specialized language, centered around the idea of pattern based idiomaticity and leading to a revisited definition of LSP (Gautier in press). Two specialized fields in German are in the center of this contribution: weather/meteorology and stock markets. To demonstrate the validity of the hypothesis (“pressure” resulting from the ontologies), two suitable DIY-corpora will be analyzed against the background of two corresponding (domain-specific) ontologies. As far as analytical practice is concerned, corpus-linguistic methods (especially concordance and automatic extraction of collocates) are used in interaction with semantic frames (Fillmore 1982). The focus is on the analysis of syntactic and semantic properties and restrictions of specialized patterns and on capturing the knowledge that is relevant to understanding, and that often is communicated implicitly. The application of frames lends itself to investigate the integration and the coaction between the rather stable ontological architecture (in the respective fields) and the dynamic conceptual mechanisms on which specialized knowledge communication is based – the latter ones finally guiding or instructing the instantiation of lexico-grammatical patterns. The analysis reveals that such mechanisms – oscillating between the ontological, the conceptual and the linguistic level (of verbalization) – resemble one another up to a certain degree in the two specialized fields. This can be exemplified by examining the use of the terms ‘temperature’ (Temperatur, Lufttemperatur, Wassertemperatur – weather/meteorology) and ‘stock’ respectively ‘stock price’ (Kurs, Aktienkurs, Indexkurse – stock markets) against the background of the comparison frame (Evaluative_comparison | FrameNet), that takes parameters (frame elements) like ‘time’, ‘degree’ or ‘place’ into account. Promising theorizations concerning the relationship and the combination of ‘verb frames’ (FrameNet Project – Berkeley) and ‘concept frames’ (Barsalou 1992) can help to represent the conceptual level adequately and extensively, especially by considering functional nouns and functional concepts with regard to categorization (Löbner 2015) as well as the intensional use of verbs like ‘steigen’ (Gamerschlag/Geuder/Petersen 2014), and also by considering specific frame elements (attributes) like ‘path’ and ‘trace’ that capture vertical movements which are crucial within the two specialized fields of weather and stock markets. Beyond the theoretical issues discussed so far, the talk will finally focus on potential fields of application, especially in knowledge representation/management and in specialized translation. Bibliography Barsalou, Lawrence W. (1992). “Frames, Concepts and Conceptual Fields”. In: Adrienne Lehrer, Eva K. Kittay (Eds.): Frames, Fields and Contrasts. Hillsdale, Hove, London: Erlbaum, 21-74. Fillmore, Charles (1982). “Frame Semantics”. In: The Linguistic Society of Korea (Eds.): Linguistics in the morning calm. Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Company, 111-137. Gamerschlag, Thomas / Geuder, Wilhelm / Petersen, Wiebke (2014). “Glück auf, der Steiger kommt: a frame account of extensional and intensional steigen”. In: Doris Gerland, Christian Horn, Anja Latrouite, Albert Ortmann (Eds.): Meaning and Grammar of Nouns and Verbs. Düsseldorf: dup, 115-144. Gautier, Laurent (2018). “Zum Druck von Fachwissen und Fachstrukturen auf das Lexikon-Grammatik-Kontinuum: zum Ausdruck von Aspektualität in Wetterberichten (dt.-frz.)” – Presentation at the ÖLT 208 conference, Innsbruck (Austria). https://www.academia.edu/37659490/Zum_Druck_von_Fachwissen_und_Fachstrukturen_auf_das_Lexikon_Grammatik_Kontinuum_zum_Ausdruck_von_Aspektualit%C3%A4t_in_Wetterberichten_dt_frz_ Gautier, Laurent (in press). “Zur Produktivität des Musterbegriffs zur holistischen Charakterisierung von Fachtextsorten. Fallstudien am Beispiel des Finanzdiskurses.“ In : Johanna Sceczek et al. (Eds): Aktuelle Trends in der phraseologischen und parömiologischen Forschung weltweit. Hamburg: Kovac. Gledhill, Christopher / Kübler, Natalie (2016). “What can linguistic approaches bring to English for Specific Purposes?”, Asp, 69, 65-95. Löbner, Sebastian (2015): “Functional Concepts and Frames”. In: Thomas Gamerschlag, Doris Gerland, Rainer Osswald, Wiebke Petersen (Eds.): Meaning, Frames and Conceptual Representation. Düsseldorf: dup, 15-42. Schubert, Klaus (2007). Wissen, Sprache, Medium, Arbeit. Ein integratives Modell der ein- und mehrsprachigen Fachkommunikation. Tübingen: Narr. Schubert, Klaus (2019). “Fachübersetzen und technische Redaktion als gelenkte Kommunikation”. In: Barbara Ahrens, Silvia Hansen-Schirra, Monika Krein-Kühle, Michael Schreiber, Ursula Wienen (Eds.): Translation – Fachkommunikation – Fachübersetzung. Berlin: Frank & Timme, 13-28. Stein, Stephan / Stumpf, Sören (2018). Muster in Sprache und Kommunikation. Eine Einführung in Konzepte sprachlicher Vorgeformtheit. Berlin: Schmidt.
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hal-03704935 , version 1 (26-06-2022)

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Johannes Dahm, Laurent Gautier. From corpus idiomaticity to domain specific pattern-based idiomaticity. Crises, défis, innovations | Crises, challenges, innovations, Johannes Dahm, Mary C. Lavissière, Gaëlle Fauchard, Julie McAllister, Sophie Belan, Joël Brémond, Charlotte Barcat, Jun 2022, Nantes, France. ⟨hal-03704935⟩

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