How can a chapter about intellectual cooperation in the first half of the XXth century participate in the historiographical renewal around Pan-Americanism and shed new light on its significance? First, because it is quite an unknown dimension of Pan-Americanism, which has been studied for a long time in its political and economic dimensions. Recently, some scholars have addressed this question; even if it were punctually, their analyses reveal the diversity and complexity of Pan-American intellectual cooperation. Besides, the second reason why it is interesting to study intellectual cooperation is that it challenges the long-lasting approach of Pan-Americanism, inherited from the Cold War period, presenting it as a tool for the USA’s push for regional hegemony. In the light of intellectual cooperation, it is obvious that Latin America was everything but passive in the Pan-American dynamic; moreover, the networks, practices and ideas launched by the Pan-American Union in the field of intellectual cooperation contributed to the affirmation of national and regional identities. We will therefore argue in this chapter that if the different aspects of Pan-American intellectual cooperation can be analyzed in the frame of the “informal empire”, such as Ricardo Salvatore defined it, they also reveal that both North-Americans and Latin-Americans took up Pan-Americanism as a way to defend their own interests. Thus, it is possible to highlight not only dynamics between the US and Latin America, but also between Latin-American nations. In order to do so, we will first trace back the emergence and institutionalization of Pan-American intellectual cooperation; then, we will provide an overview of its fields of action, education being the most important; that’s why we’ll finally focus on this topic.