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Article Dans Une Revue Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Année : 2022

Subtle anomaly detection: Application to brain MRI analysis of de novo Parkinsonian patients

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With the advent of recent deep learning techniques, computerized methods for automatic lesion segmentation have reached performances comparable to those of medical practitioners. However, little attention has been paid to the detection of subtle physiological changes caused by evolutive pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we leverage deep learning models to detect anomalies in brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameter maps of recently diagnosed and untreated (de novo) patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). For this purpose, we trained autoencoders on parameter maps of healthy controls (n=56) and tested them on those of de novo PD patients (n=129). We considered large reconstruction errors between the original and reconstructed images to be anomalies that, when quantified, allow discerning between de novo PD patients and heathly controls. The most discriminating brain macroregion was found to be the white matter with a ROC-AUC 68.3 (IQR 5.4) and the best subcortical structure, the GPi (ROC-AUC 62.6 IQR 5.4). Our results indicate that our deep learning-based model can detect potentially pathological regions in de novo PD patients, without requiring any expert delineation. This may enable extracting neuroimaging biomarkers of PD in the future, but further testing on larger cohorts is needed. Such models can be seamlessly extended with additional parameter maps and applied to study the physio-pathology of other neurological diseases.
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hal-03578350 , version 1 (17-02-2022)

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Verónica Muñoz-Ramírez, Virgilio Kmetzsch, Florence Forbes, Sara Meoni, Elena Moro, et al.. Subtle anomaly detection: Application to brain MRI analysis of de novo Parkinsonian patients. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2022, 125, pp.102251. ⟨10.1016/j.artmed.2022.102251⟩. ⟨hal-03578350⟩
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