The decrease of ice cover in the Arctic will lead to an increase of ship traffic in the upcoming decades. Consequently, oil pollution is expected. In this context, the goals of this study were to evaluate the biological impact of marine diesel contamination and, on this basis, to determine analytical tools of interest (biomarkers) for future biomonitoring of diesel spills. Using a seven days contamination protocol, this study investigated biochemical modulations in the digestive gland of the Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica). Incorporation of contaminants was verified assessing hemolymph metabolites. Results showed a response of glutathione-S-transferase to contamination suggesting detoxification processes and the suitability of such a tool for diesel spills biomonitoring. The lack of modulation of superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation suggests no oxidative stress and the unsuitability of these molecular tools for biomonitoring.