Used vs. Offered Densities of Human Settlement in Space: When the Statistical Population Matters
Résumé
To people living in areas, the denser is the area, the more numerous are the opportunities of interpersonal and social interaction, of employment and of amenities of all kinds. So far, the spatial density of human settlement has been studied according to places. The article's aim is to put density in the perspective of the people that experience it, by shifting from the statistical population of places to that of people. The user-centric, "Used density" is related to the place-based, "Offered density" by a consumption model - a specific instance of a well-established probabilistic model. The article provides the probabilistic framework to derive the statistical distribution of used density from that of offered density. The average used density is systematically larger than its offered counterpart: the ratio amounts to one plus the squared relative dispersion of offered density. The relation between the two statistical distributions can also be represented using a Lorenz curve and the associated Gini index. A case of France's population as of 2019 is studied to demonstrate the methodology.
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