The concept of Citizen as Sensors in Urban Public Action: Interactions in Urban Walks
Résumé
The last few years, the fast democratization of mobile media devices, and in particular
the smartphones, came along with a reflection by urban public actors on the
possibilities of renewing citizen participation with this technology. Collaborative
cartographies are co-organized by cities, inventories of urban components,
measurement campaigns of air pollution or noise pollution have flourished. Those local
public actions, initiated by local authorities, expertise and associations, are close to
citizen science methods. To analyze this emerging citizen participation approaches
using mobile media devices it seems to us relevant to use the concept of citizen as
sensor. This concept appeared in the scientific literature on volunteered geographic
information and describes an interaction between an inhabitant, a technology and his
environment: the citizen produces and shares some data on his environment to
participate to common knowledge. Transposed to the urban studies, we show that the
concept of citizen as sensor combines social interactions, human-computer interactions
and human-environment interactions. The observations of those interactions are made
in some specific situations during the citizen participation workshops: urban walks are
usually organized to make measurement, inventories in group. From the analysis of
these interactions, we will present how hybrid workshops (digital and physical) put in
debate perceptions and representations of urban environment, by creating space and
time for debate and discussion on observations, descriptions and characterizations of
urban space. These results arise from participant observations on three case studies in
the west of France.