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Article Dans Une Revue European Journal of Neurology Année : 2021

Predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction

Shilpee Sharma
  • Fonction : Auteur
Anaïs Thiriard
  • Fonction : Auteur
Véronique Olislagers
  • Fonction : Auteur
Inès Vu Duc
  • Fonction : Auteur
Serge Daniel Le Bon
  • Fonction : Auteur
Mohamad Khalife
  • Fonction : Auteur
Giacomo de Riu
  • Fonction : Auteur
Claire Hopkins
Luigi Angelo Vaira
Arnaud Marchant
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Background and purpose: The aim was to evaluate potential predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 patients presenting olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Potential correlations were sought between epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients and the persistence of OD at 60 days. Methods: COVID-19 positive patients presenting OD were prospectively recruited from three European hospitals. Baseline clinical and olfactory evaluations were performed within the first 2 weeks after OD onset and repeated at 30 and 60 days. In a subgroup of patients, anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies were measured in serum, saliva and nasal secretions at 60 days. Results: A total of 288 COVID-19 patients with OD were included in the study. Two weeks after the onset of the loss of smell, 52.4% of patients had OD on psychophysical tests, including 113 cases (39.2%) of anosmia and 38 cases (13.2%) of hyposmia. At 60-day follow-up, 25.4% of the patients presented persistent OD. There was no significant correlation between sex, age, viral load on nasopharyngeal swab or COVID-19 severity and poor olfactory outcome. In a subgroup of 63 patients, it was demonstrated that patients with poor olfactory outcomes at 60 days had lower levels of salivary and nasal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1, but similar levels of antibodies in the serum. Conclusions: No clinical markers predicted the evolution of OD at 60 days. Patients with poor olfactory outcome at 60 days had lower saliva and nasal antibodies, suggesting a role for local immune responses in the persistence of COVID-19 related OD.

Dates et versions

hal-03434938 , version 1 (18-11-2021)

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Sven Saussez, Shilpee Sharma, Anaïs Thiriard, Véronique Olislagers, Inès Vu Duc, et al.. Predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. European Journal of Neurology, 2021, 28 (11), pp.3702-3711. ⟨10.1111/ene.14994⟩. ⟨hal-03434938⟩
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