The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes - Archive ouverte HAL
Journal Articles Nature Year : 2021

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Pablo Librado (1) , Naveed Khan (1) , Antoine Fages (1) , Mariya A Kusliy (1, 2) , Tomasz Suchan (1, 3) , Laure Calvière-Tonasso (1) , Stéphanie Schiavinato (1) , Duha Alioglu (1) , Aurore Fromentier (1) , Aude Perdereau (4) , Jean-Marc Aury (5) , Charleen Gaunitz (1) , Loreleï Chauvey (1) , Andaine Seguin-Orlando (1) , Clio Der Sarkissian (1) , John Southon (6) , Beth Shapiro (7) , Alexey A Tishkin (8) , Alexey A Kovalev (9) , Saleh Alquraishi , Ahmed H Alfarhan , Khaled a S Al-Rasheid , Timo Seregély , Lutz Klassen , Rune Iversen , Olivier Bignon-Lau , Pierre Bodu , Monique Olive , Jean-Christophe Castel , Myriam Boudadi-Maligne , Nadir Alvarez , Mietje Germonpré , Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo , Jarosław Wilczyński , Sylwia Pospuła , Anna Lasota-Kuś , Krzysztof Tunia , Marek Nowak , Eve Rannamäe , Urmas Saarma , Gennady Boeskorov , Lembi Lōugas , René Kyselý , Lubomír Peške , Adrian Bălășescu , Valentin Dumitrașcu , Roxana Dobrescu , Daniel Gerber , Viktória Kiss , Anna Szécsényi-Nagy , Balázs G Mende , Zsolt Gallina , Krisztina Somogyi , Gabriella Kulcsár , Erika Gál , Robin Bendrey , Morten E Allentoft , Ghenadie Sirbu , Valentin Dergachev , Henry Shephard , Noémie Tomadini , Sandrine Grouard , Aleksei Kasparov , Alexander E Basilyan , Mikhail A Anisimov , Pavel A Nikolskiy , Elena y Pavlova , Vladimir Pitulko , Gottfried Brem , Barbara Wallner , Christoph Schwall , Marcel Keller , Keiko Kitagawa , Alexander N Bessudnov , William Taylor , Jérome Magail , Jamiyan-Ombo Gantulga , Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan , Diimaajav Erdenebaatar , Kubatbeek Tabaldiev , Enkhbayar Mijiddorj , Bazartseren Boldgiv , Turbat Tsagaan , Mélanie Pruvost , Sandra Olsen , Cheryl A Makarewicz , Silvia Valenzuela Lamas , Silvia Albizuri Canadell , Ariadna Nieto Espinet , Ma Pilar Iborra , Jaime Lira Garrido , Esther Rodríguez González , Sebastián Celestino , Carmen Olària , Juan Luis Arsuaga , Nadiia Kotova , Alexander Pryor , Pam Crabtree , Rinat Zhumatayev , Abdesh Toleubaev , Nina L Morgunova , Tatiana Kuznetsova , David Lordkipanize , Matilde Marzullo , Ornella Prato , Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni , Umberto Tecchiati , Benoit Clavel , Sébastien Lepetz , Hossein Davoudi , Marjan Mashkour , Natalia Ya. Berezina , Philipp W Stockhammer , Johannes Krause , Wolfgang Haak , Arturo Morales-Muñiz , Norbert Benecke , Michael Hofreiter , Arne Ludwig , Alexander S Graphodatsky , Joris Peters , Kirill Yu. Kiryushin , Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai , Nikolay A Bokovenko , Sergey K Vasiliev , Nikolai N Seregin , Konstantin V Chugunov , Natalya A Plasteeva , Gennady F Baryshnikov , Ekaterina Petrova , Mikhail Sablin , Elina Ananyevskaya , Andrey Logvin , Irina Shevnina , Victor Logvin , Saule Kalieva , Valeriy Loman , Igor Kukushkin , Ilya Merz , Victor Merz , Sergazy Sakenov , Victor Varfolomeyev , Emma Usmanova , Viktor Zaibert , Benjamin Arbuckle , Andrey B Belinskiy , Alexej Kalmykov , Sabine Reinhold , Svend Hansen , Aleksandr I Yudin , Alekandr A Vybornov , Andrey Epimakhov , Natalia Ya Berezina , Natalia Roslyakova , Pavel A Kosintsev , Ma Pilar Iborra , Juan Luis Arsuaga , Kirill Yu Kiryushin , Pavel F Kuznetsov , David Anthony , Guus J Kroonen , Kristian Kristiansen , Patrick Wincker , Alan Outram , Ludovic Orlando (1)
Jean-Marc Aury
Beth Shapiro
Alexey A Kovalev
Saleh Alquraishi
  • Function : Author
Ahmed H Alfarhan
  • Function : Author
Khaled a S Al-Rasheid
Timo Seregély
  • Function : Author
Lutz Klassen
  • Function : Author
Rune Iversen
Olivier Bignon-Lau
  • Function : Author
Pierre Bodu
  • Function : Author
Monique Olive
  • Function : Author
Jean-Christophe Castel
  • Function : Author
Myriam Boudadi-Maligne
  • Function : Author
Nadir Alvarez
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 855577
Mietje Germonpré
Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo
  • Function : Author
Jarosław Wilczyński
Sylwia Pospuła
  • Function : Author
Anna Lasota-Kuś
  • Function : Author
Krzysztof Tunia
Marek Nowak
  • Function : Author
Eve Rannamäe
  • Function : Author
Urmas Saarma
Gennady Boeskorov
  • Function : Author
Lembi Lōugas
René Kyselý
  • Function : Author
Lubomír Peške
  • Function : Author
Adrian Bălășescu
  • Function : Author
Valentin Dumitrașcu
  • Function : Author
Roxana Dobrescu
  • Function : Author
Daniel Gerber
  • Function : Author
Viktória Kiss
  • Function : Author
Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
  • Function : Author
Balázs G Mende
  • Function : Author
Zsolt Gallina
  • Function : Author
Krisztina Somogyi
  • Function : Author
Gabriella Kulcsár
  • Function : Author
Erika Gál
Robin Bendrey
Morten E Allentoft
  • Function : Author
Ghenadie Sirbu
  • Function : Author
Valentin Dergachev
  • Function : Author
Henry Shephard
  • Function : Author
Noémie Tomadini
Sandrine Grouard
Aleksei Kasparov
  • Function : Author
Alexander E Basilyan
  • Function : Author
Mikhail A Anisimov
  • Function : Author
Pavel A Nikolskiy
  • Function : Author
Elena y Pavlova
  • Function : Author
Vladimir Pitulko
Gottfried Brem
  • Function : Author
Barbara Wallner
Christoph Schwall
Marcel Keller
Keiko Kitagawa
Alexander N Bessudnov
William Taylor
Jérome Magail
Jamiyan-Ombo Gantulga
  • Function : Author
Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan
  • Function : Author
Diimaajav Erdenebaatar
  • Function : Author
Kubatbeek Tabaldiev
  • Function : Author
Enkhbayar Mijiddorj
  • Function : Author
Bazartseren Boldgiv
Turbat Tsagaan
Mélanie Pruvost
Sandra Olsen
  • Function : Author
Cheryl A Makarewicz
Silvia Valenzuela Lamas
Silvia Albizuri Canadell
Ariadna Nieto Espinet
  • Function : Author
Ma Pilar Iborra
Jaime Lira Garrido
  • Function : Author
Esther Rodríguez González
  • Function : Author
Sebastián Celestino
  • Function : Author
Carmen Olària
  • Function : Author
Juan Luis Arsuaga
Nadiia Kotova
  • Function : Author
Alexander Pryor
Pam Crabtree
  • Function : Author
Rinat Zhumatayev
  • Function : Author
Abdesh Toleubaev
  • Function : Author
Nina L Morgunova
  • Function : Author
Tatiana Kuznetsova
  • Function : Author
David Lordkipanize
  • Function : Author
Matilde Marzullo
  • Function : Author
Ornella Prato
  • Function : Author
Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni
  • Function : Author
Umberto Tecchiati
  • Function : Author
Benoit Clavel
  • Function : Author
Sébastien Lepetz
  • Function : Author
Hossein Davoudi
Marjan Mashkour
Natalia Ya. Berezina
  • Function : Author
Philipp W Stockhammer
  • Function : Author
Johannes Krause
Wolfgang Haak
Arturo Morales-Muñiz
  • Function : Author
Norbert Benecke
  • Function : Author
Michael Hofreiter
  • Function : Author
Arne Ludwig
Alexander S Graphodatsky
  • Function : Author
Joris Peters
Kirill Yu. Kiryushin
  • Function : Author
Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai
  • Function : Author
Nikolay A Bokovenko
  • Function : Author
Sergey K Vasiliev
  • Function : Author
Nikolai N Seregin
  • Function : Author
Konstantin V Chugunov
  • Function : Author
Natalya A Plasteeva
  • Function : Author
Gennady F Baryshnikov
  • Function : Author
Ekaterina Petrova
  • Function : Author
Mikhail Sablin
Elina Ananyevskaya
Andrey Logvin
  • Function : Author
Irina Shevnina
  • Function : Author
Victor Logvin
  • Function : Author
Saule Kalieva
Valeriy Loman
Igor Kukushkin
  • Function : Author
Ilya Merz
  • Function : Author
Victor Merz
  • Function : Author
Sergazy Sakenov
  • Function : Author
Victor Varfolomeyev
  • Function : Author
Emma Usmanova
  • Function : Author
Viktor Zaibert
  • Function : Author
Benjamin Arbuckle
Andrey B Belinskiy
  • Function : Author
Alexej Kalmykov
  • Function : Author
Sabine Reinhold
Svend Hansen
  • Function : Author
Aleksandr I Yudin
  • Function : Author
Alekandr A Vybornov
  • Function : Author
Andrey Epimakhov
  • Function : Author
Natalia Ya Berezina
  • Function : Author
Natalia Roslyakova
Pavel A Kosintsev
  • Function : Author
Ma Pilar Iborra
Juan Luis Arsuaga
  • Function : Author
Kirill Yu Kiryushin
  • Function : Author
Pavel F Kuznetsov
  • Function : Author
David Anthony
  • Function : Author
Guus J Kroonen
Kristian Kristiansen
  • Function : Author
Patrick Wincker
Alan Outram

Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare 1 . However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling 2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc 3 . Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia 5 and Anatolia 6 , have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc , synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association 7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc 8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages 10 . This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture 11,12 .
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hal-03432153 , version 1 (10-10-2024)

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Pablo Librado, Naveed Khan, Antoine Fages, Mariya A Kusliy, Tomasz Suchan, et al.. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes. Nature, 2021, 598 (7882), pp.634-640. ⟨10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9⟩. ⟨hal-03432153⟩
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