This research aims to observe and describe how a community adapts its governance system to a changing socioecological context, particularly implying the transformation of economical conceptions as well as linkages between culture and territory. We study this under the approach of Territories and Areas Conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (Borrini-Feyerabend et al., 2014), considering that pastoralist communities (among other ecosystem-based economies and cultures) have governed, managed, and conserved territories through constant readaptation over time and in front of multiple pressures and drivers of global change (Kothari et al., 2012). The case study is located in the mountain region of the Sierra de Segura (Fig.1a and 1b), being pastoralism a traditional and well adapted lifestyle to particular climatic and geographic conditions (cold winter, hot dry-summer, dry limestone soils, etc.).