Evidence, origin and impact of liquid flows in plasma medicine in vitro treatments with APPJs
Résumé
Plasma jets are being intensively studied for biomedicine applications but their fine control
remains challenging due to the mutual interactions between plasma and target. Even
considering perhaps one of the simplest scenario in a research laboratory, using a plasma jet to
treat a 2D cells culture in a plastic multi-well plate, it is not known in detail how the physical
environment of the micro-well may influence the nature of the plasma jet treatment. This study
aims to shed light by investigating for the first time the liquid flows induced by the plasma
treating a biologically-relevant liquid (e.g. PBS) in standard tissue culture grade multi well
plates (i.e. 96, 24, 12 and 6 wells). Evaporation, induced by the anhydrous gas flow, is
demonstrated to govern the thermal effect and be at the origin of the observed liquid cooling.
Moreover, the formation of stable vortexes in the liquid induce a non-uniform distribution of
plasma generated reactive species. This phenomenon, reported for various vessels and
volumes of liquid, does not originate from thermal gradients but is instead the likely result of a
combination of electrohydrodynamic forces and gas flow tangential components induced by
the plasma impinging on the liquid surface.
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