Next biotechnological plants for addressing global challenges: The contribution of transgenesis and new breeding techniques
Résumé
The aim of this survey is to identify and characterize new products in plant biotechnology since 2015, especially in relation to the advent of New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) such as gene editing based on the CRISPR-Cas system. Transgenic (gene transfer or gene silencing) and gene edited traits which are approved or marketed in at least one country, or which have a non-regulated status in the USA, are collected, as well as related patents worldwide. In addition, to shed light on potential innovation for Africa, field trials on the continent are examined. The compiled data are classified in application categories, including agronomic improvements, industrial use and medical use, namely production of recombinant therapeutic molecules or vaccines (including against Covid-19). The data indicate that gene editing appears to be an effective complement to 'classical' transgenesis, the use of which is not declining, rather than a replacement, a trend also observed in the patenting landscape. Nevertheless, increased use of gene editing is apparent. Compared to transgenesis, gene editing has increased the proportion of some crop species and decreased others amongst approved, non-regulated or marketed products. A similar differential trend is observed for breeding traits. Gene editing has also favored the emergence of new private companies. China, and prevalently its public sector, overwhelmingly dominates the patenting landscape, but not the approved/marketed one, which is dominated by the USA. The data point in the direction that regulatory environments will favor or discourage innovation.
Mots clés
genome editing
food security
molecular farming
biofuel
edible vaccine BBTV: Banana bunchy top virus
CBDS: Cassava Brown Streak Disease
CBI: Corporate Business Information
CRISPR-Cas: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
EU: European Union
ISAAA: International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications
ODM: Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis
TALEN: Transcription
Biofuel
CRISPR-Cas9
Edible vaccine
Food security
Genome editing
Molecular farming
Domaines
BiotechnologiesOrigine | Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) |
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