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Journal Articles Global Change Biology Year : 2021

Increased connectivity and depth improve the effectiveness of marine reserves

Jordan Goetze
  • Function : Author
Shaun Wilson
Ben Radford
  • Function : Author
Rebecca Fisher
Tim Langlois
  • Function : Author
Jacquomo Monk
  • Function : Author
Nathan Knott
Hamish Malcolm
  • Function : Author
Leanne Currey‐randall
  • Function : Author
Daniel Ierodiaconou
  • Function : Author
David Harasti
  • Function : Author
Neville Barrett
  • Function : Author
Russell C Babcock
  • Function : Author
Nestor E Bosch
  • Function : Author
Danny Brock
  • Function : Author
Jock Clough
  • Function : Author
David V Fairclough
  • Function : Author
Michelle R Heupel
  • Function : Author
Thomas H Holmes
  • Function : Author
Charlie Huveneers
  • Function : Author
Alan R Jordan
  • Function : Author
Dianne Mclean
  • Function : Author
Mark Meekan
  • Function : Author
David Miller
  • Function : Author
Stephen J Newman
  • Function : Author
Matthew J Rees
  • Function : Author
Kelsey Roberts
  • Function : Author
Benjamin J Saunders
  • Function : Author
Conrad W Speed
  • Function : Author
Michael J Travers
  • Function : Author
Eric Treml
  • Function : Author
Sasha K Whitmarsh
  • Function : Author
Corey B Wakefield
  • Function : Author
Euan S Harvey
  • Function : Author

Abstract

Marine reserves are a key tool for the conservation of marine biodiversity, yet only ~2.5% of the world's oceans are protected. The integration of marine reserves into connected networks representing all habitats has been encouraged by international agreements, yet the benefits of this design has not been tested empirically. Australia has one of the largest systems of marine reserves, providing a rare opportunity to assess how connectivity influences conservation success. An Australia-wide dataset was collected using baited remote underwater video systems deployed across a depth range from 0 to 100 m to assess the effectiveness of marine reserves for protecting teleosts subject to commercial and recreational fishing. A meta-analytical comparison of 73 fished species within 91 marine reserves found that, on average, marine reserves had 28% greater abundance and 53% greater biomass of fished species compared to adjacent areas open to fishing. However, benefits of protection were not observed across all reserves (heterogeneity), so full subsets generalized additive modelling was used to consider factors that influence marine reserve effectiveness, including distance-based and ecological metrics of connectivity among reserves. Our results suggest that increased connectivity and depth improve the aforementioned marine reserve benefits and that these factors should be considered to optimize such benefits over time. We provide important guidance on factors to consider when implementing marine reserves for the purpose of increasing the abundance and size of fished species, given the expected increase in coverage globally. We show that marine reserves that are highly protected (no-take) and designed to optimize connectivity, size and depth range can provide an effective conservation strategy for fished species in temperate and tropical waters within an overarching marine biodiversity conservation framework.
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Dates and versions

hal-03277253 , version 1 (02-07-2021)

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Jordan Goetze, Shaun Wilson, Ben Radford, Rebecca Fisher, Tim Langlois, et al.. Increased connectivity and depth improve the effectiveness of marine reserves. Global Change Biology, 2021, 27 (15), pp.3432-3447. ⟨10.1111/gcb.15635⟩. ⟨hal-03277253⟩
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