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Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Personality Année : 2021

International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Résumé

Objective : The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method : Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results : Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions : While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Dates et versions

hal-03225954 , version 1 (13-05-2021)

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Erica Baranski, Kate Sweeny, Gwendolyn Gardiner, Maja Becker, Members of The International Situations Project, et al.. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries. Journal of Personality, 2021, 89 (2), pp.288-304. ⟨10.1111/jopy.12582⟩. ⟨hal-03225954⟩
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