Robert Holcot’s De imputabilitate peccati Is Actually Osbert of Pickenham’s Utrum omne peccatum sit imputabile voluntati
Résumé
In the unfoliated editio princeps of the Dominican Robert Holcot's questions on the Sentences printed in Lyon in 1497 (reprinted there in 1505, 1510, and 1518), immediately after the Sentences questions there is a text labelled "De imputabilitate peccati," followed by fifteen "Determinationes." While there are around fifty medieval witnesses to all or part of the Sentences questions, 1 the Determinationes have been identified in at most two independent Holcot manuscripts, 2 Determinationes II-VII and XIII being in both Cambridge, Pembroke College 236, and Oxford, Balliol College 246, Determinationes VIII-XI and XV in Pembroke alone. As far as we know, Determinationes XII and XIV are found nowhere else but the Lyon editions, which makes their attribution to Holcot insecure, especially considering that Determinatio I is in fact part of the first Sentences question of Holcot's junior contemporary at Oxford, the Franciscan Roger Roseth. 3 It turns out that the question immediately preceding Determinatio I, the De imputabilitate peccati, is not by Holcot either, but rather belongs to the Carmelite Osbert Pickenham, being in the same relative place in all nine manuscripts of Osbert's Oxford Sentences lectures (usually as question 6): "Utrum omne peccatum sit imputabile voluntati." 4 Aside from blank pages, preliminary matter, and tabulae, the 1497 edition contains just 371 pages, and Roseth's question takes up 25 pages, so the further 'loss' of 44 pages with the De imputabilitate peccati reduces the incunabulum to just 302 pages of Holcot. The man responsible for the editio princeps, the great Jodocus Badius Ascensius, no doubt found a manuscript in which "Utrum omne peccatum sit imputabile voluntati" immediately followed the Sentences questions, and in 1953 Eligius Buytaert noted such a situation in Paris, Bibliothèque mazarine 906, where the manuscript concludes by adding this question on ff. 116va-140rb, as Pascale Bermon has recently confirmed. 5 Numerically, the weight of the evidence sides with Pickenham's nine manuscripts, rather than the Lyon edition and Mazarine codex of Holcot.
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