The Science Case for a Titan Flagship-class Orbiter with Probes (White paper for the NRC Decadal Survey for Planetary Science and Astrobiology)
Conor A. Nixon
(1)
,
James Abshire
(2)
,
Andrew Ashton
(3)
,
Jason W. Barnes
(4)
,
Nathalie Carrasco
(5)
,
Mathieu Choukroun
(6)
,
Athena Coustenis
(7)
,
Louis-Alexandre Couston
(8)
,
Niklas J. T. Edberg
(9)
,
Alexander Gagnon
(10)
,
Jason D. Hofgartner
(6)
,
Luciano Iess
(11)
,
Stéphane Le Mouélic
(12)
,
Rosaly Lopes
(6)
,
Juan Lora
(13)
,
Ralph D. Lorenz
(14)
,
Adrienn Luspay-Kuti
(14)
,
Michael Malaska
(6)
,
Kathleen Mandt
(14)
,
Marco Mastrogiuseppe
(11)
,
Erwan Mazarico
(2)
,
Marc Neveu
(15)
,
Taylor Perron
(16)
,
Jani Radebaugh
(17)
,
Sébastien Rodriguez
(18)
,
Farid Salama
(19)
,
Ashley Schoenfeld
(20)
,
Jason M. Soderblom
(16)
,
Anezina Solomonidou
(21)
,
Darci Snowden
(22)
,
Xioali Sun
(2)
,
Nicholas Teanby
(23)
,
Gabriel Tobie
,
Melissa G. Trainer
(2)
,
Orenthal J. Tucker
(2)
,
Elizabeth P. Turtle
(14)
,
Sandrine Vinatier
,
Véronique Vuitton
(24)
,
Xi Zhang
(25)
1
GSFC Planetary Systems Laboratory
2 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
3 WHOI - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
4 University of Idaho [Moscow, USA]
5 PLANETO - LATMOS
6 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
7 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics
8 BAS - British Antarctic Survey
9 IRF - Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala]
10 School of Oceanography [Seattle]
11 UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
12 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
13 Yale University [New Haven]
14 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
15 University of Maryland [Baltimore]
16 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
17 BYU - Brigham Young University
18 IPGP (UMR_7154) - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
19 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
20 UCLA - University of California [Los Angeles]
21 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
22 Central Washington University
23 School of Earth Sciences [Bristol]
24 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
25 UC Santa Cruz - University of California [Santa Cruz]
2 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
3 WHOI - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
4 University of Idaho [Moscow, USA]
5 PLANETO - LATMOS
6 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
7 LESIA - Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics
8 BAS - British Antarctic Survey
9 IRF - Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala]
10 School of Oceanography [Seattle]
11 UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]
12 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
13 Yale University [New Haven]
14 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
15 University of Maryland [Baltimore]
16 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
17 BYU - Brigham Young University
18 IPGP (UMR_7154) - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
19 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
20 UCLA - University of California [Los Angeles]
21 ESAC - European Space Astronomy Centre
22 Central Washington University
23 School of Earth Sciences [Bristol]
24 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
25 UC Santa Cruz - University of California [Santa Cruz]
Nathalie Carrasco
- Function : Author
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Athena Coustenis
- Function : Author
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Niklas J. T. Edberg
- Function : Author
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Luciano Iess
- Function : Author
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Stéphane Le Mouélic
- Function : Author
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- IdHAL : stephane-le-mouelic
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Rosaly Lopes
- Function : Author
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Juan Lora
- Function : Author
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Michael Malaska
- Function : Author
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Marc Neveu
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Sébastien Rodriguez
- Function : Author
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Farid Salama
- Function : Author
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- IdHAL : farid-salama
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Anezina Solomonidou
- Function : Author
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- IdRef : 175068917
Nicholas Teanby
- Function : Author
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Gabriel Tobie
- Function : Author
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- IdHAL : gabriel-tobie
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Sandrine Vinatier
- Function : Author
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- IdHAL : sandrine-vinatier
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5541-2502
- IdRef : 119993503
Véronique Vuitton
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742115
- IdHAL : veronique-vuitton
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7273-1898
- IdRef : 06693026X
Abstract
We outline a flagship-class mission concept focused on studying Titan as a global system, with particular emphasis on the polar regions. Investigating Titan from the unique standpoint of a polar orbit would enable comprehensive global maps to uncover the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere, and the topography and geophysical environment of the surface and subsurface. The mission includes two key elements: (1) an orbiter spacecraft, which also acts as a data relay, and (2) one or more small probes to directly investigate Titan's seas and make the first direct measurements of their liquid composition and physical environment. The orbiter would carry a sophisticated remote sensing payload, including a novel topographic lidar, a long-wavelength surface-penetrating radar, a sub-millimeter sounder for winds and for mesospheric/thermospheric composition, and a camera and near-infrared spectrometer. An instrument suite to analyze particles and fields would include a mass spectrometer to focus on the interactions between Titan's escaping upper atmosphere and the solar wind and Saturnian magnetosphere. The orbiter would enter a stable polar orbit around 1500 to 1800 km, from which vantage point it would make global maps of the atmosphere and surface. One or more probes, released from the orbiter, would investigate Titan's seas in situ, including possible differences in composition between higher and lower latitude seas, as well as the atmosphere during the parachute descent. The number of probes, as well as the instrument complement on the orbiter and probe, remain to be finalized during a mission study that we recommend to NASA as part of the NRC Decadal Survey for Planetary Science now underway, with the goal of an overall mission cost in the "small flagship" category of ~$2 bn. International partnerships, similar to Cassini-Huygens, may also be included for consideration.
Origin : Files produced by the author(s)