Subjecthood and annotation: The cases of French and Wolof
Résumé
This article considers the annotation of subjects in UD treebanks. The identification of the subject
poses a particular problem in Wolof, due to pronominal indices whose status as a pronoun or a
pronominal affix is uncertain. In the UD treebank available for Wolof (Dione, 2019), these have been
annotated depending on the construction either as true subjects, or as morphosyntactic features agreeing
with the verb. The study of this corpus of 40 000 words allows us to show that the problem is indeed
difficult to solve, especially since Wolof has a rich system of auxiliaries and several basic constructions
with different properties. Before addressing the case of Wolof, we will present the simpler, but partly
comparable, case of French, where subject clitics also tend to behave like affixes, and subjecthood can
move from the preverbal to the detached position. We will also make a several annotation
recommendations that would avoid overwriting information regarding subjecthood.
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