Endocasts allow anthropologists to follow changes in the external topography and overall size of the brain during the evolution of hominins. The almost complete calvaria of Manot 1 presents the opportunity to gain insights into the external brain morphology, vascular system, and dimensions of the brain for this late Middle Palaeolithic hominin. Detailed size and shape analyses of the Manot 1 endocast suggest a modern Homo sapiens anatomy, despite the presence of some primitive features on the calvaria. Traits considered to be derived endocranial features for Homo sapiens are present on Manot 1, including an elongated parietal sagittal chord with an elevation of the superior part of the hemisphere, a large distance between the posterior parts of the frontal lobes, a considerable development of the parietal reliefs such as the supramarginal lobules, and a slight posterior projection of the occipital lobes. These findings, together with data presented in previous studies dismiss the possibility of a direct Neandertal ancestry for the Manot 1 hominin and confirm its affiliation with modern Homo sapiens. The calvaria has been shown to be more similar to later Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens than it is to the earlier Levantine populations of Skhul and Qafzeh. The late Middle Palaeolithic date of Manot 1 provides an opportunity to discuss the recent trends in human cerebral morphology and organization.