In the vastmajority of Latin American and South American countries, global emission inventories (EIs) are often used for modelling air quality. In particular the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research EDGAR is widely deployed but several studies have pointed to some gaps in comparisonwith national/regional inventories which incur errors in interpreting results. In Cuba, due to scarcity of a spatially distributed national inventory, EDGAR has been used as entry for air quality modelling without verifying their reliability over the region. Our goal in this article is to compare and contrast EDGARwith a local inventory and to evaluate similarities or discrepancies. We use advanced comparison techniques developed by the Forum for Air Quality Modelling in Europe–FAIRMODE. This approach differs from others in the detailed way in which it points out the differences and gets insights in possible explanations. Overall, EDGAR provided spatially smoother results and relatively lower values in hotspot areas. Coarse differences in terms of activities were low for all analyzed sectors. However, EDGAR overestimates emission factors (EFs) of stationary sources for CO by a factor of 3 and SO2 by a factor of 1.5 while underestimates those of PPM10 by a factor of 25. Most of the road transport EFs are overestimated in EDGAR; PM10, CO and NOx are 2 times higher,while CH4 and SO2 are 5 to 20 times higher. Large differences were found on the spatial distribution of energy and industrial sources.