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Article Dans Une Revue Frontiers in Marine Science Année : 2019

Global $in\ situ$ observations of essential climate and ocean variables at the air–sea interface

1 SIO - UC San Diego - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2 Met Office Climate Research Division
3 Department of Oceanography
4 BoM - Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne]
5 JIFRESSE - UCLA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering
6 WMO - World Meteorological Organization
7 CBCM - Chimie et biochimie des complexes moléculaires
8 EUMETSAT - European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
9 ESR - Earth and Space Research Institute [Seattle]
10 ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre
11 IFM-GEOMAR - Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften
12 STAR - NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research
13 ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
14 ERDC - USACE Engineer Research and Development Center
15 MISU - Department of Meteorology [Stockholm]
16 OUC - Ocean University of China
17 NASA Headquarters
18 IPRC - International Pacific Research Center
19 Department of Meteorology [Reading]
20 RSMAS - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
21 Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA
22 CNRM - Centre national de recherches météorologiques
23 OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale
24 VOG - Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer
25 ECCC - Environment and Climate Change Canada
26 State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
27 NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
28 School of Marine Science and Technology [Tianjin]
29 PMEL - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle]
Etienne Charpentier
Xiaopei Lin
Eric Lindstrom
  • Fonction : Auteur
Paul Poli
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  • PersonId : 850263
Sidney Thurston
  • Fonction : Auteur
Bin Wang
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  • PersonId : 925552

Résumé

The air–sea interface is a key gateway in the Earth system. It is where the atmosphere sets the ocean in motion, climate/weather-relevant air–sea processes occur, and pollutants (i.e., plastic, anthropogenic carbon dioxide, radioactive/chemical waste) enter the sea. Hence, accurate estimates and forecasts of physical and biogeochemical processes at this interface are critical for sustainable blue economy planning, growth, and disaster mitigation. Such estimates and forecasts rely on accurate and integrated in situ and satellite surface observations. High-impact uses of ocean surface observations of essential ocean/climate variables (EOVs/ECVs) include (1) assimilation into/validation of weather, ocean, and climate forecast models to improve their skill, impact, and value; (2) ocean physics studies (i.e., heat, momentum, freshwater, and biogeochemical air–sea fluxes) to further our understanding and parameterization of air–sea processes; and (3) calibration and validation of satellite ocean products (i.e., currents, temperature, salinity, sea level, ocean color, wind, and waves). We review strengths and limitations, impacts, and sustainability of in situ ocean surface observations of several ECVs and EOVs. We draw a 10-year vision of the global ocean surface observing network for improved synergy and integration with other observing systems (e.g., satellites), for modeling/forecast efforts, and for a better ocean observing governance. The context is both the applications listed above and the guidelines of frameworks such as the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) (both co-sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, IOC–UNESCO; the World Meteorological Organization, WMO; the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP; and the International Science Council, ISC). Networks of multiparametric platforms, such as the global drifter array, offer opportunities for new and improved in situ observations. Advances in sensor technology (e.g., low-cost wave sensors), high-throughput communications, evolving cyberinfrastructures, and data information systems with potential to improve the scope, efficiency, integration, and sustainability of the ocean surface observing system are explored.
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hal-02519182 , version 1 (08-01-2021)

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Luca R. Centurioni, Jon Turton, Rick Lumpkin, Lancelot Braasch, Gary Brassington, et al.. Global $in\ situ$ observations of essential climate and ocean variables at the air–sea interface. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019, 6, pp.419. ⟨10.3389/fmars.2019.00419⟩. ⟨hal-02519182⟩
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