Receding ice drove parallel expansions in Southern Ocean penguins
Theresa Cole
(1)
,
Ludovic Dutoit
(1)
,
Nicolas Dussex
(2)
,
Tom Hart
(3)
,
Alana Alexander
(4)
,
Jane Younger
(5)
,
Gemma Clucas
(6)
,
María José Frugone
(7)
,
Yves Cherel
(8)
,
Richard Cuthbert
(9)
,
Ursula Ellenberg
(10)
,
Steven Fiddaman
(11)
,
Johanna Hiscock
(12)
,
David Houston
(13)
,
Pierre Jouventin
(14)
,
Thomas Mattern
(1)
,
Gary L. Miller
(15)
,
Colin Miskelly
(16)
,
Paul Nolan
(17)
,
Michael Polito
(18)
,
Petra Quillfeldt
(19)
,
Peter Y. A. Ryan
(20)
,
Adrian Smith
(3)
,
Alan Tennyson
(16)
,
David Thompson
(21)
,
Barbara Wienecke
(22)
,
Juliana Vianna
(23)
,
Jonathan Waters
(1)
1
Department of Zoology
2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics [Stockholm, Sweden]
3 Department of Zoology [Oxford]
4 Department of Anatomy [Dunedin, New Zealand]
5 Milner Centre for Evolution
6 Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
7 Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular
8 CEBC - Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372
9 RSPB Centre for Conservation Science
10 Global Penguin Society and Department of Ecology [Australia]
11 Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research [UK]
12 Department of Conservation [Invercargill, New Zealand]
13 Biodiversity Group, Department of Conservation [New Zealand]
14 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
15 Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Australia]
16 Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa
17 Department of Biology, The Citadel [Charleston, UK]
18 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences
19 Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics
20 FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology
21 NIWA - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington]
22 AAD - Australian Antarctic Division
23 Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente [Chile]
2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics [Stockholm, Sweden]
3 Department of Zoology [Oxford]
4 Department of Anatomy [Dunedin, New Zealand]
5 Milner Centre for Evolution
6 Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
7 Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular
8 CEBC - Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372
9 RSPB Centre for Conservation Science
10 Global Penguin Society and Department of Ecology [Australia]
11 Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research [UK]
12 Department of Conservation [Invercargill, New Zealand]
13 Biodiversity Group, Department of Conservation [New Zealand]
14 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
15 Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Australia]
16 Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa
17 Department of Biology, The Citadel [Charleston, UK]
18 Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences
19 Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics
20 FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology
21 NIWA - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington]
22 AAD - Australian Antarctic Division
23 Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente [Chile]
Nicolas Dussex
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 984001
Alana Alexander
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 799310
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6456-7757
Gary L. Miller
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 865086
Paul Nolan
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 799311
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0629-9771
Petra Quillfeldt
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 761014
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4450-8688
Résumé
Climate shifts are key drivers of ecosystem change. Despite the critical importance of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean for global climate, the extent of climate-driven ecological change in this region remains controversial. In particular, the biological effects of changing sea ice conditions are poorly understood. We hypothesize that rapid postglacial reductions in sea ice drove biological shifts across multiple widespread Southern Ocean species. We test for demographic shifts driven by climate events over recent millennia by analyzing population genomic datasets spanning 3 penguin genera ( Eudyptes , Pygoscelis , and Aptenodytes ). Demographic analyses for multiple species (macaroni/royal, eastern rockhopper, Adélie, gentoo, king, and emperor) currently inhabiting southern coastlines affected by heavy sea ice conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) yielded genetic signatures of near-simultaneous population expansions associated with postglacial warming. Populations of the ice-adapted emperor penguin are inferred to have expanded slightly earlier than those of species requiring ice-free terrain. These concerted high-latitude expansion events contrast with relatively stable or declining demographic histories inferred for 4 penguin species (northern rockhopper, western rockhopper, Fiordland crested, and Snares crested) that apparently persisted throughout the LGM in ice-free habitats. Limited genetic structure detected in all ice-affected species across the vast Southern Ocean may reflect both rapid postglacial colonization of subantarctic and Antarctic shores, in addition to recent genetic exchange among populations. Together, these analyses highlight dramatic, ecosystem-wide responses to past Southern Ocean climate change and suggest potential for further shifts as warming continues.