Dark Energy and Modified Gravity
Anže Slosar
,
Kevork N. Abazajian
,
Zeeshan Ahmed
,
David Alonso
,
Mustafa A. Amin
,
Behzad Ansarinejad
,
Robert Armstrong
,
Jacobo Asorey
,
Arturo Avelino
,
Santiago Avila
,
Carlo Baccigalupi
,
Mario Ballardini
,
Kevin Bandura
,
Nicholas Battaglia
,
Amy N. Bender
,
Charles Bennett
,
Bradford Benson
,
Florian Beutler
,
F. Bianchini
,
Maciej Bilicki
,
Colin Bischoff
,
Andrea Biviano
,
Jonathan Blazek
,
Lindsey Bleem
,
Adam S. Bolton
,
J. Richard Bond
,
Julian Borrill
,
Sownak Bose
,
Alexandre Boucaud
(1)
,
Francois R. Bouchet
(2)
,
Elizabeth Buckley-Geer
,
Philip Bull
,
Zheng Cai
,
John E. Carlstrom
,
Francisco J. Castander
,
Emanuele Castorina
,
Anthony Challinor
,
Tzu-Ching Chang
,
Jonas Chaves-Montero
,
Nora Elisa Chisari
,
Douglas Clowe
,
Johan Comparat
,
Asantha Cooray
,
Rupert A.C. Croft
,
Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine
,
Guido d'Amico
,
Tamara M. Davis
,
Kyle Dawson
,
Marcel Demarteau
,
Arjun Dey
,
Olivier Dore
,
Duan Yutong
,
Joanna Dunkley
,
Cora Dvorkin
,
Alexander Eggemeier
,
Daniel Eisenstein
,
John Ellison
,
Alexander van Engelen
,
Stephanie Escoffier
(3)
,
Giulio Fabbian
,
Simone Ferraro
,
Pedro G. Ferreira
,
Andreu Font-Ribera
,
Simon Foreman
,
Pablo Fosalba
,
Oliver Friedrich
,
Juan Garcıa-Bellido
,
Martina Gerbino
,
Mandeep S.S. Gill
,
Vera Gluscevic
,
Satya Gontcho A. Gontcho
,
Krzysztof M. Gorski
,
Daniel Gruen
,
Jon E. Gudmundsson
,
Nikhel Gupta
,
Julien Guy
,
Shaul Hanany
,
Will Handley
,
César Hernández-Aguayo
,
J. Colin Hill
,
Christopher M. Hirata
,
Renée Hlozek
,
Gilbert Holder
,
Dragan Huterer
,
Mustapha Ishak
,
Tesla Jeltema
,
Saurabh W. Jha
,
Johann Cohen-Tanugi
(4)
,
Bradley Johnson
,
Marc Kamionkowski
,
Kirit S. Karkare
,
Ryan E.Keeley
,
Rishi Khatri
,
David Kirkby
,
Theodore Kisner
,
Jean-Paul Kneib
,
Lloyd Knox
,
Savvas M. Koushiappas
,
Ely D. Kovetz
,
Kazuya Koyama
,
Elisabeth Krause
,
Benjamin L'Huillier
,
Ofer Lahav
,
Massimiliano Lattanzi
,
Danielle Leonard
,
Michael Levi
,
Michele Liguori
,
Anja von der Linden
,
Marilena Loverde
,
Zarija Lukic
,
Axel de la Macorra
,
Mathew Madhavacheril
,
Andres Plazas
,
Alessio Spurio Mancini
,
Marc Manera
,
Adam Mantz
,
Paul Martini
,
Kiyoshi Masui
,
Jeff Mcmahon
,
P. Daniel Meerburg
,
James Mertens
,
Joel Meyers
,
Surhud More
,
Pavel Motloch
,
Suvodip Mukherjee
(2)
,
Julian B. Muñoz
,
Adam D. Myers
,
Johanna Nagy
,
Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille
(5)
,
Laura Newburgh
,
Jeffrey A. Newman
,
Michael D. Niemack
,
Gustavo Niz
,
Andrei Nomerotski
,
Paul O'Connor
,
Lyman Page
,
Antonella Palmese
,
Mariana Penna-Lima
,
Will J. Percival
,
Francesco Piacentni
,
Matthew M. Pieri
(3)
,
Elena Pierpaoli
,
Levon Pogosian
,
Abhishek Prakash
,
Clement Pryke
,
Giuseppe Puglisi
,
Radek Stompor
(1)
,
Marco Raveri
,
Christian L. Reichardt
,
Jason Rhodes
,
Steven Rodney
,
Benjamin Rose
,
Ashley J. Ross
,
Graziano Rossi
,
John Ruhl
,
Benjamin Saliwanchik
,
Lado Samushia
,
Javier Sanchez
,
Misao Sasaki
,
Emmanuel Schaan
,
David J. Schlegel
,
Marcel Schmittfull
,
Michael Schubnell
,
Douglas Scott
,
Neelima Sehgal
,
Leonardo Senatore
,
Hee-Jong Seo
,
Arman Shafieloo
,
Huanyuan Shan
,
Blake D. Sherwin
,
Feng Shi
,
Sara Simon
,
Anze Slosar
,
Suzanne Staggs
,
Glenn Starkman
,
Albert Stebbins
,
Aritoki Suzuki
,
Eric R. Switzer
,
Peter Timbie
,
Andrew J. Tolley
,
Matthieu Tristram
(6)
,
Mark Trodden
,
M.A. Troxel
,
Cora Uhlemann
,
Caterina Umilta
,
L.Arturo Urenna-Lopez
,
Eleonora Di Valentino
,
M. Vargas-Magana
,
Abigail Vieregg
,
Christopher W. Walter
,
Yi Wang
,
Scott Watson
,
Martin White
,
Nathan Whitehorn
,
W.L.K. Wu
,
Weishuang Xu
,
Siavash Yasini
,
Matias Zaldarriaga
,
Gong-Bo Zhao
,
Yi Zheng
,
Hong-Ming Zhu
,
Ningfeng Zhu
,
Joe Zuntz
1
APC (UMR_7164) -
AstroParticule et Cosmologie
2 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
3 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
4 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
5 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
6 LAL - Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
2 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
3 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
4 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
5 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
6 LAL - Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
Anže Slosar
- Function : Author
Kevork N. Abazajian
- Function : Author
Zeeshan Ahmed
- Function : Author
David Alonso
- Function : Author
Mustafa A. Amin
- Function : Author
Behzad Ansarinejad
- Function : Author
Robert Armstrong
- Function : Author
Jacobo Asorey
- Function : Author
Arturo Avelino
- Function : Author
Santiago Avila
- Function : Author
Carlo Baccigalupi
- Function : Author
Mario Ballardini
- Function : Author
Kevin Bandura
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 783194
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5846-0411
Nicholas Battaglia
- Function : Author
Amy N. Bender
- Function : Author
Charles Bennett
- Function : Author
Bradford Benson
- Function : Author
Florian Beutler
- Function : Author
F. Bianchini
- Function : Author
Maciej Bilicki
- Function : Author
Colin Bischoff
- Function : Author
Andrea Biviano
- Function : Author
Jonathan Blazek
- Function : Author
Lindsey Bleem
- Function : Author
Adam S. Bolton
- Function : Author
J. Richard Bond
- Function : Author
Julian Borrill
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 794603
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0974-5266
Sownak Bose
- Function : Author
Elizabeth Buckley-Geer
- Function : Author
Philip Bull
- Function : Author
Zheng Cai
- Function : Author
John E. Carlstrom
- Function : Author
Francisco J. Castander
- Function : Author
Emanuele Castorina
- Function : Author
Anthony Challinor
- Function : Author
Tzu-Ching Chang
- Function : Author
Jonas Chaves-Montero
- Function : Author
Nora Elisa Chisari
- Function : Author
Douglas Clowe
- Function : Author
Johan Comparat
- Function : Author
Asantha Cooray
- Function : Author
Rupert A.C. Croft
- Function : Author
Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine
- Function : Author
Guido d'Amico
- Function : Author
Tamara M. Davis
- Function : Author
Kyle Dawson
- Function : Author
Marcel Demarteau
- Function : Author
Arjun Dey
- Function : Author
Olivier Dore
- Function : Author
Duan Yutong
- Function : Author
Joanna Dunkley
- Function : Author
Cora Dvorkin
- Function : Author
Alexander Eggemeier
- Function : Author
Daniel Eisenstein
- Function : Author
John Ellison
- Function : Author
Alexander van Engelen
- Function : Author
Stephanie Escoffier
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 179794
- IdHAL : stephanie-escoffier
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2847-7498
- IdRef : 068869215
Giulio Fabbian
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 783181
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4992-7854
Simone Ferraro
- Function : Author
Pedro G. Ferreira
- Function : Author
Andreu Font-Ribera
- Function : Author
Simon Foreman
- Function : Author
Pablo Fosalba
- Function : Author
Oliver Friedrich
- Function : Author
Juan Garcıa-Bellido
- Function : Author
Martina Gerbino
- Function : Author
Mandeep S.S. Gill
- Function : Author
Vera Gluscevic
- Function : Author
Satya Gontcho A. Gontcho
- Function : Author
Krzysztof M. Gorski
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 783200
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3270-7644
Daniel Gruen
- Function : Author
Jon E. Gudmundsson
- Function : Author
Nikhel Gupta
- Function : Author
Julien Guy
- Function : Author
Shaul Hanany
- Function : Author
Will Handley
- Function : Author
César Hernández-Aguayo
- Function : Author
J. Colin Hill
- Function : Author
Christopher M. Hirata
- Function : Author
Renée Hlozek
- Function : Author
Gilbert Holder
- Function : Author
Dragan Huterer
- Function : Author
Mustapha Ishak
- Function : Author
Tesla Jeltema
- Function : Author
Saurabh W. Jha
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 3626
- IdHAL : johann-cohen-tanugi
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9022-4232
- IdRef : 172626544
Bradley Johnson
- Function : Author
Marc Kamionkowski
- Function : Author
Kirit S. Karkare
- Function : Author
Ryan E.Keeley
- Function : Author
Rishi Khatri
- Function : Author
David Kirkby
- Function : Author
Theodore Kisner
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755990
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4616-4989
- IdRef : 069878765
Jean-Paul Kneib
- Function : Author
Lloyd Knox
- Function : Author
Savvas M. Koushiappas
- Function : Author
Ely D. Kovetz
- Function : Author
Kazuya Koyama
- Function : Author
Elisabeth Krause
- Function : Author
Benjamin L'Huillier
- Function : Author
Ofer Lahav
- Function : Author
Massimiliano Lattanzi
- Function : Author
Danielle Leonard
- Function : Author
Michael Levi
- Function : Author
Michele Liguori
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759895
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3881-7724
Anja von der Linden
- Function : Author
Marilena Loverde
- Function : Author
Zarija Lukic
- Function : Author
Axel de la Macorra
- Function : Author
Mathew Madhavacheril
- Function : Author
Andres Plazas
- Function : Author
Alessio Spurio Mancini
- Function : Author
Marc Manera
- Function : Author
Adam Mantz
- Function : Author
Paul Martini
- Function : Author
Kiyoshi Masui
- Function : Author
Jeff Mcmahon
- Function : Author
P. Daniel Meerburg
- Function : Author
James Mertens
- Function : Author
Joel Meyers
- Function : Author
Surhud More
- Function : Author
Pavel Motloch
- Function : Author
Julian B. Muñoz
- Function : Author
Adam D. Myers
- Function : Author
Johanna Nagy
- Function : Author
Laura Newburgh
- Function : Author
Jeffrey A. Newman
- Function : Author
Michael D. Niemack
- Function : Author
Gustavo Niz
- Function : Author
Andrei Nomerotski
- Function : Author
Paul O'Connor
- Function : Author
Lyman Page
- Function : Author
Antonella Palmese
- Function : Author
Mariana Penna-Lima
- Function : Author
Will J. Percival
- Function : Author
Francesco Piacentni
- Function : Author
Elena Pierpaoli
- Function : Author
Levon Pogosian
- Function : Author
Abhishek Prakash
- Function : Author
Clement Pryke
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 758090
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6771-5495
Giuseppe Puglisi
- Function : Author
Marco Raveri
- Function : Author
Christian L. Reichardt
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755435
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4485-8549
Jason Rhodes
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 791618
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1947-687X
Steven Rodney
- Function : Author
Benjamin Rose
- Function : Author
Ashley J. Ross
- Function : Author
Graziano Rossi
- Function : Author
John Ruhl
- Function : Author
Benjamin Saliwanchik
- Function : Author
Lado Samushia
- Function : Author
Javier Sanchez
- Function : Author
Misao Sasaki
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 783195
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4619-8927
Emmanuel Schaan
- Function : Author
David J. Schlegel
- Function : Author
Marcel Schmittfull
- Function : Author
Michael Schubnell
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755592
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6878-9840
Douglas Scott
- Function : Author
Neelima Sehgal
- Function : Author
Leonardo Senatore
- Function : Author
Hee-Jong Seo
- Function : Author
Arman Shafieloo
- Function : Author
Huanyuan Shan
- Function : Author
Blake D. Sherwin
- Function : Author
Feng Shi
- Function : Author
Sara Simon
- Function : Author
Anze Slosar
- Function : Author
Suzanne Staggs
- Function : Author
Glenn Starkman
- Function : Author
Albert Stebbins
- Function : Author
Aritoki Suzuki
- Function : Author
Eric R. Switzer
- Function : Author
Peter Timbie
- Function : Author
Andrew J. Tolley
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 9484
- IdHAL : matthieu-tristram
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7276-8324
- IdRef : 098039229
Mark Trodden
- Function : Author
M.A. Troxel
- Function : Author
Cora Uhlemann
- Function : Author
Caterina Umilta
- Function : Author
L.Arturo Urenna-Lopez
- Function : Author
Eleonora Di Valentino
- Function : Author
M. Vargas-Magana
- Function : Author
Abigail Vieregg
- Function : Author
Christopher W. Walter
- Function : Author
Yi Wang
- Function : Author
Scott Watson
- Function : Author
Martin White
- Function : Author
Nathan Whitehorn
- Function : Author
W.L.K. Wu
- Function : Author
Weishuang Xu
- Function : Author
Siavash Yasini
- Function : Author
Matias Zaldarriaga
- Function : Author
Gong-Bo Zhao
- Function : Author
Yi Zheng
- Function : Author
Hong-Ming Zhu
- Function : Author
Ningfeng Zhu
- Function : Author
Joe Zuntz
- Function : Author
Abstract
Despite two decades of tremendous experimental and theoretical progress, the riddle of the accelerated expansion of the Universe remains to be solved. On the experimental side, our understanding of the possibilities and limitations of the major dark energy probes has evolved; here we summarize the major probes and their crucial challenges. On the theoretical side, the taxonomy of explanations for the accelerated expansion rate is better understood, providing clear guidance to the relevant observables. We argue that: i) improving statistical precision and systematic control by taking more data, supporting research efforts to address crucial challenges for each probe, using complementary methods, and relying on cross-correlations is well motivated; ii) blinding of analyses is difficult but ever more important; iii) studies of dark energy and modified gravity are related; and iv) it is crucial that R&D for a vibrant dark energy program in the 2030s be started now by supporting studies and technical R&D that will allow embryonic proposals to mature. Understanding dark energy, arguably the biggest unsolved mystery in both fundamental particle physics and cosmology, will remain one of the focal points of cosmology in the forthcoming decade.