Uncovering the dynamic precursors to motor-driven contraction of active gels
Résumé
Cells and tissues have the remarkable ability to actively generate the forces required to change their
shape. This active mechanical behavior is largely mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, a crosslinked
network of actin filaments that is contracted by myosin motors. Experiments and active gel theories
have established that the length scale over which gel contraction occurs is governed by a balance
between molecular motor activity and crosslink density. By contrast, the dynamics that govern the
contractile activity of the cytoskeleton remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the microscopic
dynamics of reconstituted actin–myosin networks using simultaneous real-space video microscopy and
Fourier-space dynamic light scattering. Light scattering reveals different regimes of microscopic
dynamics as a function of sample age. We uncover two dynamical precursors that precede macroscopic
gel contraction. One is characterized by a progressive acceleration of stress-induced rearrangements,
while the other consists of sudden, heterogeneous rearrangements. Intriguingly, our findings suggest a
qualitative analogy between self-driven rupture and collapse of active gels and the delayed rupture of
passive gels observed in earlier studies of colloidal gels under external loads.