A semigroup approach to the convergence rate of a collisionless gas
Résumé
We study the rate of convergence to equilibrium for a collisionless (Knudsen)
gas enclosed in a vessel in dimension $n \in \{2,3\}$. By semigroup arguments,
we prove that in the $L^1$ norm, the polynomial rate of convergence
$\frac{1}{(t+1)^{n-}}$ given by Tsuji et al [2010] and Kuo et al
[2013,2014,2015] can be extended to any $C^2$ domain, with standard assumptions
on the initial data. This is to our knowledge, the first quantitative result in
collisionless kinetic theory in dimension equal to or larger than 2 relying on
deterministic arguments that does not require any symmetry of the domain, nor a
monokinetic regime. The dependency of the rate with respect to the initial
distribution is detailed. Our study includes the case where the temperature at
the boundary varies. The demonstrations are adapted from a deterministic
version of a subgeometric Harris' theorem recently established by Ca\~nizo and
Mischler. We also compare our model with a free-transport equation with
absorbing boundary.
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