Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer Disease: Multitargeting Strategy based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning
Résumé
In the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement
in AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting
peripheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic
target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the
symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to be
developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper,
we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms of
actions.