Reports (Research Report) Year : 2013

The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission

Kirpal Nandra , Didier Barret (1) , Xavier Barcons , Andy Fabian , Jan-Willem den Herder , Luigi Piro , Mike Watson , Christophe Adami (2) , James Aird , Jose Manuel Afonso , Dave Alexander , Costanza Argiroffi (3) , Lorenzo Amati , Monique Arnaud (4) , Jean-Luc Atteia (5) , Marc Audard (6) , Carles Badenes (7) , Jean Ballet (8) , Lucia Ballo , Aya Bamba , Anil Bhardwaj , Elia Stefano Battistelli , Werner Becker , Michaël de Becker , Ehud Behar , Stefano Bianchi , Veronica Biffi , Laura Bîrzan , Fabrizio Bocchino , Slavko Bogdanov , Laurence Boirin , Thomas Boller , Stefano Borgani , Katharina Borm , Nicolas Bouche , Herve Bourdin (9) , Richard Bower (10) , Valentina Braito , Enzo Branchini (11) , Graziella Branduardi-Raymont (12) , Joel Bregman , Laura Brenneman , Murray Brightman , Marcus Brüggen , Johannes Buchner (13) , Esra Bulbul , Marcella Brusa , Michal Bursa , Alessandro Caccianiga , Ed Cackett , Sergio Campana , Nico Cappelluti , Massimo Cappi , Francisco Carrera , Maite Ceballos , Finn E. Christensen (14) , You-Hua Chu , Eugene Churazov , Nicolas Clerc (5) , Stéphane Corbel (15) , Amalia Corral , Andrea Comastri , Elisa Costantini (16) , Judith Croston , Mauro Dadina , Antonino d'Ai , Anne Decourchelle (8) , Roberto Della Ceca , Konrad Dennerl (17) , Klaus Dolag , Chris Done (18) , Michal Dovciak , Jeremy Drake , Dominique Eckert (19) , Alastair Edge , Stefano Ettori , Yuichiro Ezoe (20) , Eric D. Feigelson (21) , Rob Fender , Chiara Feruglio (22) , Alexis Finoguenov (23) , Fabrizio Fiore , Massimiliano Galeazzi (24) , Sarah Gallagher , Poshak Gandhi (18) , Massimo Gaspari , Fabio Gastaldello , Antonis Georgakakis , Ioannis Georgantopoulos , Marat Gilfanov , Myriam Gitti , Randy Gladstone , René Goosmann (25) , Eric Gosset , Nicolas Grosso (26) , Manuel Guedel , Martin Guerrero , Frank Haberl , Martin Hardcastle , Sebastian Heinz , Almudena Alonso Herrero , Anthony Hervé , Mats Holmström (27) , Kazushi Iwasawa , Peter Jonker , Jelle Kaastra (16) , Erin Kara , Vladimir Karas (28) , Joel Kastner , Andrew King , Daria Kosenko , Dimitra Koutroumpa (29) , Ralph Kraft , Ingo Kreykenbohm , Rosine Lallement (30) , Giorgio Lanzuisi , J. Lee , Marianne Lemoine-Goumard (31) , Andrew Lobban , Giuseppe Lodato , Lorenzo Lovisari , Simone Lotti , Ian Mccharthy , Brian Mcnamara , Antonio Maggio (32) , Roberto Maiolino (33) , Barbara de Marco , Domitilla de Martino , Silvia Mateos , Giorgio Matt (11) , Ben Maughan , Pasquale Mazzotta (34) , Mariano Mendez , Andrea Merloni (35) , Giuseppina Micela (32) , Marco Miceli , Robert Mignani , Jon Miller , Giovanni Miniutti , Silvano Molendi , Rodolfo Montez , Alberto Moretti , Christian Motch (26) , Yaël Nazé (36) , Jukka Nevalainen (37) , Fabrizio Nicastro , Paul Nulsen , Takaya Ohashi , Paul O'Brien , Julian Osborne , Lida Oskinova , Florian Pacaud (38) , Frederik Paerels , Mat Page , Iossif Papadakis , Giovanni Pareschi , Robert Petre , Pierre-Olivier Petrucci (39) , Enrico Piconcelli , Ignazio Pillitteri (32) , C. Pinto , Jelle de Plaa , Etienne Pointecouteau (5) , Trevor Ponman , Gabriele Ponti , Delphine Porquet (26) , Ken Pounds , Gabriel Pratt (15) , Peter Predehl (17) , Daniel Proga , Dimitrios Psaltis , David Rafferty , Miriam Ramos-Ceja , Piero Ranalli , Elena Rasia , Arne Rau , Gregor Rauw (36) , Nanda Rea , Andy Read , James Reeves , Thomas Reiprich , Matthieu Renaud (8) , Chris Reynolds , Guido Risaliti , Jerome Rodriguez (15) , Paola Rodriguez Hidalgo , Mauro Roncarelli , David Rosario , Mariachiara Rossetti , Agata Rozanska , Emmanouil Rovilos , Ruben Salvaterra , Mara Salvato (23) , Tiziana Di Salvo , Jeremy Sanders , Jorge Sanz-Forcada (40) , Kevin Schawinski , Joop Schaye (41) , Axel Schwope , Salvatore Sciortino (32) , Paola Severgnini , Francesco Shankar (42) , Debora Sijacki , Stuart Sim , Christian Schmid (43) , Randall Smith , Andrew Steiner , Beate Stelzer (32) , Gordon Stewart (44) , Tod Strohmayer , Lothar Strüder , Ming Sun , Yoh Takei , V. Tatischeff , Andreas Tiengo , Francesco Tombesi , Ginevra Trinchieri , T. G. Tsuru , Asif Ud-Doula (45) , Eugenio Ursino (24) , Lynne Valencic , Eros Vanzella , Simon Vaughan , Cristian Vignali , Jacco Vink (46) , Fabio Vito , Marta Volonteri (47) , Daniel Wang , Natalie Webb (5) , Richard Willingale , Joern Wilms , Michael Wise (7) , Diana Worrall , Andrew Young , Luca Zampieri , Jean In'T Zand , Silvia Zane , Andreas Zezas , Yuying Zhang (48) , Irina Zhuravleva
1 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
2 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
3 DiFC - Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo]
4 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
5 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
6 CAL - Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory
7 Department of Astrophysical Sciences [Princeton]
8 DAP - Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP)
9 CASSIOPEE - Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides
10 ICC - Institute for Computational Cosmology
11 DF-Roma3 - Dipartimento de Fisica Roma Tre
12 MSSL - Mullard Space Science Laboratory
13 TUM - Technische Universität Munchen = Technical University Munich = Université Technique de Munich
14 DTU Space - National Space Institute [Lyngby]
15 AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
16 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
17 MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik
18 Department of Physics [Durham University]
19 EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
20 TMU - Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo]
21 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState]
22 IRAM - Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique
23 MPIA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie = Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
24 Department of Physics [Coral Gables]
25 LUTH (UMR_8102) - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
26 ObAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
27 IRF - Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna]
28 ASU / CAS - Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
29 HELIOS - LATMOS
30 OBSPM - Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon
31 CENBG - Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan
32 OAPa - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo
33 Cavendish Laboratory
34 Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma, Italia] = University of Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italy] = Université de Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italie]
35 MPA - Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik
36 Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
37 CfA - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
38 Observatoire de Paris
39 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
40 CAB - Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid]
41 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]
42 School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton]
43 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]
44 Department of Computer Science
45 Penn State - Pennsylvania State University [State College, PA]
46 AI PANNEKOEK - Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
47 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
48 LLNL - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Kirpal Nandra
  • Function : Author
Xavier Barcons
  • Function : Author
Andy Fabian
  • Function : Author
Jan-Willem den Herder
  • Function : Author
Luigi Piro
  • Function : Author
Mike Watson
  • Function : Author
James Aird
Jose Manuel Afonso
  • Function : Author
Dave Alexander
  • Function : Author
Lorenzo Amati
  • Function : Author
Lucia Ballo
  • Function : Author
Aya Bamba
  • Function : Author
Anil Bhardwaj
Elia Stefano Battistelli
  • Function : Author
Werner Becker
  • Function : Author
Michaël de Becker
  • Function : Author
Ehud Behar
  • Function : Author
Stefano Bianchi
Veronica Biffi
  • Function : Author
Laura Bîrzan
  • Function : Author
Fabrizio Bocchino
  • Function : Author
Slavko Bogdanov
  • Function : Author
Laurence Boirin
  • Function : Author
Thomas Boller
  • Function : Author
Stefano Borgani
  • Function : Author
Katharina Borm
  • Function : Author
Nicolas Bouche
Valentina Braito
  • Function : Author
Joel Bregman
Laura Brenneman
  • Function : Author
Murray Brightman
  • Function : Author
Marcus Brüggen
  • Function : Author
Esra Bulbul
  • Function : Author
Marcella Brusa
  • Function : Author
Michal Bursa
  • Function : Author
Alessandro Caccianiga
  • Function : Author
Ed Cackett
  • Function : Author
Sergio Campana
  • Function : Author
Nico Cappelluti
  • Function : Author
Massimo Cappi
  • Function : Author
Francisco Carrera
  • Function : Author
Maite Ceballos
  • Function : Author
You-Hua Chu
  • Function : Author
Eugene Churazov
Amalia Corral
  • Function : Author
Andrea Comastri
  • Function : Author
Judith Croston
  • Function : Author
Mauro Dadina
  • Function : Author
Antonino d'Ai
  • Function : Author
Roberto Della Ceca
  • Function : Author
Klaus Dolag
  • Function : Author
Chris Done
Michal Dovciak
Jeremy Drake
Alastair Edge
  • Function : Author
Stefano Ettori
Rob Fender
  • Function : Author
Fabrizio Fiore
  • Function : Author
Sarah Gallagher
  • Function : Author
Massimo Gaspari
Fabio Gastaldello
  • Function : Author
Antonis Georgakakis
  • Function : Author
Ioannis Georgantopoulos
  • Function : Author
Marat Gilfanov
  • Function : Author
Myriam Gitti
  • Function : Author
Randy Gladstone
Eric Gosset
Manuel Guedel
Martin Guerrero
  • Function : Author
Frank Haberl
  • Function : Author
Martin Hardcastle
  • Function : Author
Sebastian Heinz
  • Function : Author
Almudena Alonso Herrero
  • Function : Author
Anthony Hervé
  • Function : Author
Kazushi Iwasawa
  • Function : Author
Peter Jonker
  • Function : Author
Erin Kara
  • Function : Author
Joel Kastner
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 832062
Andrew King
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 864624
Daria Kosenko
  • Function : Author
Dimitra Koutroumpa
Ralph Kraft
  • Function : Author
Ingo Kreykenbohm
  • Function : Author
Giorgio Lanzuisi
  • Function : Author
J. Lee
  • Function : Author
Andrew Lobban
  • Function : Author
Giuseppe Lodato
  • Function : Author
Lorenzo Lovisari
  • Function : Author
Simone Lotti
  • Function : Author
Ian Mccharthy
  • Function : Author
Brian Mcnamara
  • Function : Author
Barbara de Marco
  • Function : Author
Domitilla de Martino
  • Function : Author
Silvia Mateos
  • Function : Author
Ben Maughan
  • Function : Author
Mariano Mendez
  • Function : Author
Marco Miceli
  • Function : Author
Robert Mignani
  • Function : Author
Jon Miller
  • Function : Author
Giovanni Miniutti
  • Function : Author
Silvano Molendi
  • Function : Author
Rodolfo Montez
  • Function : Author
Alberto Moretti
  • Function : Author
Fabrizio Nicastro
  • Function : Author
Paul Nulsen
  • Function : Author
Takaya Ohashi
  • Function : Author
Paul O'Brien
  • Function : Author
Julian Osborne
  • Function : Author
Lida Oskinova
  • Function : Author
Frederik Paerels
  • Function : Author
Mat Page
  • Function : Author
Iossif Papadakis
  • Function : Author
Giovanni Pareschi
  • Function : Author
Robert Petre
  • Function : Author
Enrico Piconcelli
  • Function : Author
C. Pinto
  • Function : Author
Jelle de Plaa
  • Function : Author
Trevor Ponman
  • Function : Author
Gabriele Ponti
  • Function : Author
Ken Pounds
  • Function : Author
Daniel Proga
  • Function : Author
Dimitrios Psaltis
  • Function : Author
David Rafferty
  • Function : Author
Miriam Ramos-Ceja
  • Function : Author
Piero Ranalli
  • Function : Author
Elena Rasia
  • Function : Author
Arne Rau
  • Function : Author
Nanda Rea
  • Function : Author
Andy Read
  • Function : Author
James Reeves
  • Function : Author
Thomas Reiprich
  • Function : Author
Chris Reynolds
  • Function : Author
Guido Risaliti
  • Function : Author
Paola Rodriguez Hidalgo
  • Function : Author
Mauro Roncarelli
  • Function : Author
David Rosario
  • Function : Author
Mariachiara Rossetti
  • Function : Author
Agata Rozanska
  • Function : Author
Emmanouil Rovilos
  • Function : Author
Ruben Salvaterra
  • Function : Author
Tiziana Di Salvo
  • Function : Author
Jeremy Sanders
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 843295
Kevin Schawinski
  • Function : Author
Joop Schaye
Axel Schwope
  • Function : Author
Paola Severgnini
  • Function : Author
Debora Sijacki
  • Function : Author
Stuart Sim
  • Function : Author
Randall Smith
  • Function : Author
Andrew Steiner
  • Function : Author
Gordon Stewart
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 925803
Tod Strohmayer
  • Function : Author
Lothar Strüder
  • Function : Author
Ming Sun
Yoh Takei
  • Function : Author
V. Tatischeff
  • Function : Author
Andreas Tiengo
  • Function : Author
Francesco Tombesi
  • Function : Author
Ginevra Trinchieri
  • Function : Author
T. G. Tsuru
  • Function : Author
Lynne Valencic
  • Function : Author
Eros Vanzella
  • Function : Author
Simon Vaughan
  • Function : Author
Cristian Vignali
  • Function : Author
Fabio Vito
  • Function : Author
Daniel Wang
  • Function : Author
Richard Willingale
  • Function : Author
Joern Wilms
  • Function : Author
Diana Worrall
  • Function : Author
Andrew Young
  • Function : Author
Luca Zampieri
  • Function : Author
Jean In'T Zand
  • Function : Author
Silvia Zane
  • Function : Author
Andreas Zezas
  • Function : Author
Irina Zhuravleva
  • Function : Author

Abstract

This White Paper, submitted to the recent ESA call for science themes to define its future large missions, advocates the need for a transformational leap in our understanding of two key questions in astrophysics: 1) How does ordinary matter assemble into the large scale structures that we see today? 2) How do black holes grow and shape the Universe? Hot gas in clusters, groups and the intergalactic medium dominates the baryonic content of the local Universe. To understand the astrophysical processes responsible for the formation and assembly of these large structures, it is necessary to measure their physical properties and evolution. This requires spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy with a factor 10 increase in both telescope throughput and spatial resolving power compared to currently planned facilities. Feedback from supermassive black holes is an essential ingredient in this process and in most galaxy evolution models, but it is not well understood. X-ray observations can uniquely reveal the mechanisms launching winds close to black holes and determine the coupling of the energy and matter flows on larger scales. Due to the effects of feedback, a complete understanding of galaxy evolution requires knowledge of the obscured growth of supermassive black holes through cosmic time, out to the redshifts where the first galaxies form. X-ray emission is the most reliable way to reveal accreting black holes, but deep survey speed must improve by a factor ~100 over current facilities to perform a full census into the early Universe. The Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena+) mission provides the necessary performance (e.g. angular resolution, spectral resolution, survey grasp) to address these questions and revolutionize our understanding of the Hot and Energetic Universe. These capabilities will also provide a powerful observatory to be used in all areas of astrophysics.

Fichier principal
Vignette du fichier
1306.2307.pdf (2.3 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Origin Files produced by the author(s)
Licence
Loading...

Dates and versions

hal-02325875 , version 1 (24-10-2019)

Licence

Identifiers

Cite

Kirpal Nandra, Didier Barret, Xavier Barcons, Andy Fabian, Jan-Willem den Herder, et al.. The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission. [Research Report] Max Plank Institute for Extraterrestial Life. 2013. ⟨hal-02325875⟩
1623 View
591 Download

Altmetric

Share

  • More