Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
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Laurent Frantz
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James Haile
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Audrey Lin
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Amelie Scheu
- Function : Author
Christina Geörg
- Function : Author
Michelle Alexander
- Function : Author
Victoria Mullin
- Function : Author
Vincent Battista
- Function : Author
Max Price
- Function : Author
Kurt Gron
- Function : Author
Panoraia Alexandri
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Rose-Marie Arbogast
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Benjamin Arbuckle
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Adrian Bӑlӑşescu
- Function : Author
Gennady Baryshnikov
- Function : Author
Clive Bonsall
- Function : Author
Jelena Bulatović
- Function : Author
Canan Çakirlar
- Function : Author
José-Miguel Carretero
- Function : Author
John Chapman
- Function : Author
Mike Church
- Function : Author
Bea de Cupere
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Vesna Dimitrijevic
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Valentin Dumitraşcu
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Louis Du Plessis
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Ceiridwen Edwards
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Cevdet Merih Erek
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Asli Erim-Özdoğan
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Anton Ervynck
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Mihai Gligor
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Lionel Gourichon
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Hitomi Hongo
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Liora Horwitz
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Evan Irving-Pease
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Ophélie Lebrasseur
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Joséphine Lesur
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Caroline Malone
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Ninna Manaseryan
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Arkadiusz Marciniak
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Holley Martlew
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Marjan Mashkour
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Roger Matthews
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Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute
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Erik Meijaard
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Tom Mcgovern
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Hendrik-Jan Megens
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Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb
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Jörg Orschiedt
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Anastasia Papathanasiou
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Mike Parker Pearson
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Darko Radmanović
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François-Xavier Ricaut
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Richard Sabin
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Lucia Sarti
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Wolfram Schier
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Shiva Sheikhi
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Elisabeth Stephan
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Antonio Tagliacozzo
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Nenad Tasić
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Katerina Trantalidou
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Anne Tresset
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Cristina Valdiosera
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Sophie van Poucke
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Jean-Denis Vigne
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Alexander Yanevich
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Andrea Zeeb-Lanz
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Alexandros Triantafyllidis
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M. Thomas P. Gilbert
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Peter Rowley-Conwy
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Melinda Zeder
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Joris Peters
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Thomas Cucchi
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Daniel Bradley
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Keith Dobney
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Joachim Burger
- Function : Author
Allowen Evin
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Linus Girdland-Flink
- Function : Author
Greger Larson
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Abstract
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process. domestication | evolution | gene flow | Neolithic
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Frantz et al. - 2019 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.pdf (1.12 Mo)
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