Pesticides are considered as risk factors for human health. Many epidemiological studies show a positive association between occupational exposure to pesticides and the development of some pathologies.. Consumers are exposed through food intake to low-dose pesticide cocktails and the question of the effects of such an exposure on health arises. Recent epidemiological studies show that the risk of certain cancers and metabolic disorders is lower in population whose proportion of organic food in diet is important. Pesticides are biologically active compounds and have various effects on many cellular and molecular targets. Their effects observed in vitro in human cell models or in vivo in animals strengthen the plausibility of the link between pesticide exposure and human health. Pesticide mixtures lead to a variety of effects and the interaction between pesticides is complex and involves a network of targets and mechanisms at different levels. The complexity of the cocktail effects raises different questions about their prediction. Specially, are the notions of additive, synergistic or antagonist toxicity relevant to talk about multiple networks of interaction levels? Which steps of the mechanisms of action of two chemicals should be taken into account to ensure the reliability of predictive models, and how to integrate all the targets and mechanisms at different levels affected by pesticide and transcribe them to an apical response which is the most important in terms of toxicological risk assessment. In addition, from our recent experimental results the question raises of the role of chronicity of exposure which repeated insidious effects throughout lifetime can exceed of capacity of repair or adaptation or detoxification of the organism leading to the deregulation of the physiology.