In anaerobic digestion plants, biological activities transform biowaste into a renewable energy: the biogas. Thisprocess produces aggressive and complex media in direct contact with the structure. Few studies have focused onthe deterioration of concrete in such environments. In order to support the sustainable development of biogasproduction growing sector, this study intends to provide thorough information on the biowaste chemicalcomposition and on materials biodeterioration mechanisms occurring in biogas plants. Cementitious materialswith various surface compositions (pastes of CEM I, CAC and CEM I treated with oxalic acid) were immersed inthe liquid phase of laboratory bioreactors reproducing anaerobic digestion conditions. Altered depths measurementsin time highlighted the better resistance of the CAC material. The microbial biofilm coverage on thematerial's surface was delayed by the surface pretreatment with oxalic acid and was less dense for the CAC paste.Chemical and mineralogical analyses mainly showed leaching and carbonation phenomena.