Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage: Are short-term issues set aside?
Résumé
Negative emission technologies (NETs) are a set of technologies that could retrieve
greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. NETs could dramatically contribute to maintaining
the temperature increase to within the limit of 2 °C or even 1.5 °C. Bioenergy with carbon
capture and storage (BECCS) is one of the most studied NETs. BECCS captures carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions coming from a bioenergy plant—e.g., electricity, biofuels, and
hydrogen—and stores those emissions in a geologic reservoir, typically a saline aquifer.
The purpose of this article is to investigate whether a research community exists on
BECCS, and whether it is aligned with research priorities. To do so, a bibliometric analysis
is conducted based on author collaborations on BECCS in academic journals between
2001 and 2017. The co-authorship network shows that BECCS research is largely based
on the integrated assessment model (IAM) research community. These models analyze
how power and transportation systems evolve under a climate constraint in the long run,
e.g., until 2100. Such a focus has advantages and drawbacks. On the one hand, it helps to
build a common vision of the technology and possible roadmaps. On the other hand, I
highlight that the implementation features of BECCS in the near future are insufficiently
assessed, e.g., techno-economic analyses, business models, local-scale assessments, and
comparison with other NETs. These issues are marginal in the network, whereas long-term
analyses are at its core. Future research programmes should better include them to avoid a
considerable disappointment about the real potential of BECCS.