Are we there yet?
Résumé
The purpose of this study is to prepare a source of realistic looking images in which optimal steganalysis is possible by enforcing a known statistical model on image pixels to assess the efficiency of detectors implemented using machine learning. Our goal is to answer the questions that researchers keep asking: "Are our empirical detectors close to what can be possibly detected? How much room there is for improvement?" or simply "Are we there yet?" Our goal is achieved by applying denoising to each image in a dataset of real images to remove complex statistical dependencies introduced by processing and, subsequently, adding noise of simpler and known statistical properties that allows deriving a closed form expression of a likelihood ratio test. The theoretical upper bound informs us about the amount of further possible improvement. Three content-adaptive stego algorithms in the spatial domain and simple LSB matching are used to assess the performance of a con-volutional neural network detector and a detector based on rich models with respect to the derived upper bound on performance. The short answer to the posed question is "We are much closer now but there is still non-negligible room for improvement."
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