Conversion to Christianity in the Pacific has resulted from a strong heterogeneity of missiological strategies. Some denominations preached a radical rejection of custom; others were more flexible, while indigenous movements mixed custom and Christian elements to move away from churches. Today, custom and Christianity are deeply interwoven, sharing many cultural and religious syncretistic expressions. However, new dynamics of inequality have engendered reactions to inequitable aspects of development. The outcomes for this session would be: the different positions regarding local traditions and Christianity, from assumed hostility to open acceptance, right through flexible recognition, taken by bureaucratic authorities, new churches, investors, NGOs, Aid agencies and other stakeholders; how “development” is analyzed by local communities as favorable or hostile to local values and/or Christian principles; the identification of custom with Judaism or with Islam and other new forms of moving away from Christianity or giving up custom for expecting better individual economical success.