A century of victimhood: Antecedents and current impacts of perceived suffering in World War I across Europe
2 ULB - Université libre de Bruxelles = Free University of Brussels
3 UCLouvain - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain
4 University of Salzburg
5 Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
6 University of Koblenz-Landau
7 Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga]
8 Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences
9 Jacobs University = Constructor University [Bremen]
10 MTA - Hungarian Academy of Sciences
11 LP3C - EA1285 - Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication
12 UNIMIB - Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca
13 LAPPS - Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale
14 UPN SSA - Université Paris Nanterre - UFR Sciences sociales et administration
15 IU International University of Applied Sciences
16 Helmut Schmidt Universität
17 CLLE-LTC - Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie
18 Cegesoma - Centre for Historical Research and Documentation on War and Contemporary Society
19 UAIC - Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași = Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași = Alexandru Ioan Cuza University [Iași] = Université Alexandru Ioan Cuza de Iași
20 University of Belgrade [Belgrade]
21 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
22 University of Banja Luka
23 UW - Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne]
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Résumé
The present study addresses antecedents and consequences of collective vic- timhood in the context of World War I (WWI) across 15 European nations (N=2423 social science students). Using multilevel analysis, we find evidence that collective victimhood is still present a hundred years after the onset of the war and can be predicted by WWI-related objective indicators of victimization at national and family levels. This suggests that collective vic- timhood is partly grounded in the actual experience of WWI. In addition, we show that sense of collective victimhood positively predicts acknowledgment of the suffering inflicted by one’s nation on other countries during WWI. This is consistent with a social representation of WWI as involving a vast massacre in which nations were both victim and perpetrator. Finally, we find that objective indicators of victimization predict pacifism in divergent ways, with an indicator at the national level associated with more pacifist attitudes and an indicator at the family level being associated with less pacifist attitudes. This finding suggests that war-torn societies may have developed social rep- resentations favouring peaceful coexistence whereas, at the family level, vic- timization may still foster retaliatory tendencies.