This article aims to identify the generational cohort effect on responsible consumer behavior. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the generational cohort theory(GCT), the authors test the impact of perceived consumer effectiveness, media exposure, thesocial group influence of family and peers and self-identity on the intention of Generation X and Generation Y to purchase environmentally responsible products. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from 1870 respondents in France. Based on the factor scores from a confirmatory factor analysis, we tested for interaction effects by employing regression and path analyses. A two-group structural model evaluated the strength of each cohort’s direct effects and the significant differences between the groups. Findings - The results reveal a generational (cohort) effect on the relationship between perceived consumer effectiveness and media exposure and the intention to purchase environmentally responsible products. Research limitations/implications – Our convenience sample shows bias towards younger people, especially students. In addition, some latent variables show low AVE scores, probably due to scale interpretation differences. By measuring purchasing intentions, the study disregards the actual behavior of consumers. Practical implications – To increase consumers’ personal involvement in responsible purchasing behaviors, marketers could cater to the social desirability side of Gen Y by emphasizing products that express community values; on the other hand, marketers could appeal to the perceived consumer effectiveness of Gen X by providing more information and convincing them that their actions matter. Social implications – The efficiency of awareness and promotional campaigns for environmentally responsible products will be enhanced when marketers employ segmentation based on generational cohorts. Originality/value - The study contributes to a better understanding of responsible consumer behavior by identifying generational cohort differences.