Investigation of thermodynamics properties of gaseous plutonium oxides through a deep dive into electronic structure
Résumé
The PUREX process has been designed for the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel to separate uranium
and plutonium from the fission products. In accident scenario, the solvent can ignite itself, releasing in
volatile forms PuO2, PuO3 or PuO2(OH)2. Our theoretical study focusses on the thermodynamics properties of the former two species for which large experimental uncertainties remain. Actinide-containing complexes present formidable challenges for electronic structure methods due to the large
number of degenerate or quasi-degenerate electronic states arising from partially occupied 5f and 6d
shells.
To compute highly accurate thermodynamics properties (enthalpies, entropies) with quantum
chemical methods, static and dynamic correlation effects along with relativistic effects have to be
treated on equal footing. In particular, the clear multi-reference character of the wave-function of
these compounds requires the enthalpies of formation to be computed with multi-configurational
quantum chemical methods like CASSCF and CASPT2. Spin-orbit interaction is treated a posteriori with
the state-interaction RASSI method. The computed thermodynamics quantities reach a high accuracy
allowing us to predict the composition of the released volatile products. However, in the
CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations the active spaces had to be truncated, the limit of 18 electrons in 18
orbitals being reached in these plutonium molecules. The Density Matrix Renormalization Group
(DMRG) algorithm, which allows us to overcome the previous limit, was used in the second part of this
study to handle active spaces that include the full atomic valence shells. Dynamical correlation is
treated with DMRG-NEVPT2, and spin-orbit interaction can then be treated with the state-interaction
RASSI approach.