Foresight studies on scientific, technological and organizational innovation affirm that, during the next 50 years, there may be an explosion of radical eco-efficient innovations (covering energy, environment, the agricultural and farm-produce industry, information and communication, new materials, robotics, space, transportation, medicine and genetic engineering). Much of the debate about the compatibility of sustainable development and innovation-based competitiveness hinges on views about the extent to which technological change will promote competitiveness, employment and eco-efficiency.