Metagenomic approaches for investigating the role of the microbiome in gut health and inflammatory diseases.
Résumé
The human gut microbiota makes fundamental contributions to host metabolism and immune
system. Therefore, perturbations in its composition, a process known as dysbiosis, have an
important role in the development of several chronicle diseases, mainly intestinal inflammatory
disorders. Culture-independent molecular methods are allowing scientific community
to uncover substantive findings, thus giving a more detailed description of the human intestinal
microbiota. This chapter presents a review on current metagenomic approaches, based on
next-generation sequencing technologies, for investigating bacterial taxonomic classification
and predictive function associated with the human gut in health and disease. In this context,
we describe recent studies that have been trying to elucidate important alterations in microbiome
composition across individuals according to delivery mode, aging, diet and medication
that might be linked to susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. A description of the
main bacterial taxa and genes acting in dysbiosis during inflammation, focusing on chronic
inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, is also explored in this chapter.
Origine : Accord explicite pour ce dépôt
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