The dawn of the 21st century witnessed a spectacular uprising of China and India as global market leaders. The effects of this phenomenon reverberated across the entire global economy and brought about a shift in the products markets, patterns of buying and selling, investment strategies, as well as natural resources and the environment. India and China have become epicenters of world economy due to their unprecedented economic growth, spanning across three decades. China has consistently registered high growth rates since 1980, whereas India has ranked amongst the top 10 fastest growing nations between 1980–1990 and 1990–2000. This unparalleled economic success is popularly attributed to, largely, the integration of these countries into the global economy. Without a doubt, both India and China are economies which hold great promise of becoming titans in the global economic panorama. The aim of the chapter is to provide knowledge about India and China and see how these economies have evolved to become two main giants and its implications. This knowledge will be essential for people to understand the investment climate in India and China and develop the basic foundation required for investing in these countries or for initiating any business opportunity.