Increasingly, the adoption of mobile sensors becomes imperative in the context of target tracking applications, especially for reliable data collection purpose. However, the design of a strategy that allows mobile sensors suitably to move in an autonomous, distributed and self-organized way is not evident to achieve by a deterministic polynomial algorithm. Solutions that are biologically inspired by the collective behaviour of individual social communities provide alternative tools and efficient algorithms that emerge from many interesting properties applicable to sensor technology. These solutions implement highly efficient systems that are structurally simple, powerful, highly distributed and fault-tolerant. Some biological societies, like colonies of the Escherichia coli bacteria, offer prospects to certain mobile sensors to acquire an artificial intelligence allowing them to move autonomously through the network. In this paper, we proposed a bio-inspired protocol named SMBFOA (Sink Mobility based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm). The main idea of this protocol was inspired by the autonomous movement of the Escherichia coli bacterium. Based on the simulation results, we concluded that our proposed SMBFOA protocol increases the throughput data rate and prolongs the network lifetime duration for 30% and 5% respectively compared to Clustering Duty Cycle Mobility aware Protocol (CDCMP).