The Upper and Middle Valleys of Kestros and Eurymedon The Kestros and the Eurymedon, briefly mentionned by Strabo (XII, 7, 3 and XIV, 4, 2) are two rivers that their sources in the Pisidian Moutains, and cross the Pamphylian plain to flow into the Antalya Gulf. This article deals only with the moutainous zone they cross. For their upper and middle valleys the study of the distribution of the inhabited sites discovered by archaeologists shows the absence of a river tropism. Representative examples show that urban sites, villages, and fortifications were built either on high points which dominate the valley or away from it: these valleys were especially routes of communication for humans, armies and cultural influences. From this point of view, the two valleys are different: the Kestros valley is open than the canyon bank of the Eurymedon, where, in Roman times, several bridges were built. The history of two sanctuaries is compared: the first, on a tributary of Kestros, is a small sanctuarie for travellers, dedicated to Apollo; the second, of regional importance, is situated in the upper valley of Eurymedon, and was linked to the cult of the Mother of the Gods, with which Zeus and the River-God Eurymedon were later associated. This example and the river-gods on civic coins show that during Roman times, in a peaceful and Hellenised world, the relationship between humans and rivers changed.