The landscape of energy production and use is facing great challenges in the transportation sectors. The two main means of transportation, automobiles and airplanes, are mainly made from metals. The necessity of reducing their carbon emission translates into major stakes for weight reduction, which can only be the result of an interplay between improving the alloys and the part’s geometry. This contribution discusses some of the strategies for structural weight reduction based on innovative alloy design in aluminum alloys and steels and on innovative processing by additive manufacturing.